MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING
BETWEEN
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA
AND
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA
AND
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF MARYLAND,
Hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Parties”, and individually as a “Party;”
WHEREAS, the Republic of Estonia and the State of Maryland had a Sister State relationship between 2019 and 2024, which followed from a Sister State relationship with Harju County (2009 to 2018), and has been bolstered by the State Partnership Program between Estonian Defense Forces and the Maryland National Guard, started in 1993, and the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) signed by the Maryland Military Department and the Estonian War Museum in 2015;
WHEREAS, the Parties possess expertise in cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, digital and emerging technologies, defense and security, aerospace, robotics, life sciences, medical technology and equipment, and culture and tourism;
WHEREAS, the Parties recognize the need to work together on the development and implementation of initiatives in domains such as economy, defense, science and technology, cybersecurity, and education;
WHEREAS, the Parties desire to establish a framework of cooperation for their respective benefits and undertake joint activities in order to promote friendly contact between the two constituencies and actively carry out exchanges and cooperation;
WHEREAS, the Parties recognize the benefits of a strategic partnership, including economic growth and development, increased security, innovation and technology exchange, educational exchange, cultural exchange, and tourism promotion in respective sectors of interest;
WHEREAS, new opportunities for collaboration can strengthen existing relations and further the friendship between the Parties;
WHEREAS, both Parties are willing to enhance their friendship and endeavor to secure concrete results from joint projects, further developing their mutual interests in agreed areas of cooperation;
AGREE TO THE FOLLOWING:
ARTICLE 1 PURPOSE
This Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) establishes a framework for cooperation between the Parties with the goal of carrying out activities or projects in areas of common interest likely to generate concrete benefits for the Republic of Estonia and the State of Maryland. Within this framework, the Parties encourage the development of partnerships between public, private or associative organizations and institutions, particularly those of government agencies, civil society, and the business community of the Republic of Estonia and Maryland, so as to work towards economic development, educational enrichment, and sustainable environmental and social protection.
ARTICLE 2
NON-BINDING EFFECT
This MOU expresses the Parties' good faith intention to cooperate and collaborate in carrying out the activities and projects described herein, using only their own financial and other resources. The MOU does not legally bind the Parties. In addition, the MOU is limited to (a) each Party’s appropriation of sufficient funds to carry out their intended cooperation and collaboration on mutual activities and projects and (b) each Party’s required compliance with its own applicable laws, rules, and regulations.
ARTICLE 3
AREAS OF COOPERATION
Without excluding other areas of cooperation deemed strategic which may be mutually agreed upon at a later date, the Parties will cooperate and collaborate with one another in some or all of the following sectors of common interest:
a) Economic Development and Trade – private sector investment in strategic industries, inbound and outbound trade, transportation modernization, maritime sector cooperation, and access to new markets;
b) Life Sciences and Health Technologies – biotechnology, biohealth, medical technology, and medical equipment;
c) Digital and Emerging Technologies – cybersecurity, artificial intelligence, quantum computing, aerospace technology and research, robotics, and other advanced technologies;
d) Environment, Energy, and Sustainability – environmental protection, energy security and renewable energy, green technologies, and biodiversity preservation;
e) Science and Education – research collaboration, access to testing facilities, student and faculty exchanges at the high school, undergraduate, and graduate levels, and youth mobility and educational enrichment;
f) Agriculture and Seafood – sector development and related technological innovation;
g) Equine Industry and People-to-People Exchanges – cooperation in the equine sector and related cultural and professional exchanges;
h) Culture and Tourism – cultural cooperation and tourism development;
i) Defense and Security Cooperation – defense industry and cybersecurity cooperation, with collaboration between the Estonian Defense League and the Maryland National Guard;
j) Crime Prevention and Public Safety – public safety strategies, community-based prevention, substance abuse prevention, and intervention initiatives that reduce recidivism and promote safer neighborhoods.
ARTICLE 4 MEANS OF ACTION
In order to achieve their objectives and to maintain effective and continuous cooperation and collaboration, the Parties will undertake some or all of the following actions:
a) Hold high-level political meetings to exchange on topics of common interest;
b) Attend and participate in trade shows and other relevant meetings in both regions, both virtually and in-person, and in other countries;
c) Exchange non-confidential information, documentation, expertise, and best practices on topics of common interest;
d) Exchange of experts, professors, and professionals in the Parties' respective regions as part of training, research, and innovation activities;
e) Implement joint cooperation initiatives in areas of common interest, and launch calls for new activities and projects;
f) Organize conferences, seminars, exhibitions, and fairs in the Parties' respective regions;
g) Establish a Working Group to meet virtually on a semi-annual or other regular basis as set forth in Article 5.
ARTICLE 5
IMPLEMENTATION THROUGH A WORKING GROUP
In order to implement this MOU, the Parties will establish a Republic of Estonia-State of Maryland Working Group (the “Working Group”) consisting of three to five representatives appointed by each Party. These representatives may be a Party’s employees or citizen volunteers duly appointed by a Party.
Unless the Parties agree to a different time period, the Working Group will meet semi-annually by videoconference or otherwise to establish and update an action plan
arising from this MOU. The Working Group is also responsible for:
a) Identifying and approving activities and projects to be carried out as part of a cooperation program, in priority sectors of common interest;
b) Establishing the terms and conditions for carrying out the agreed activities or projects, and determining the resources required from each Party for their implementation;
c) Reviewing the progress of ongoing activities or projects, assessing their results, and making any necessary adjustments;
d) Considering any other matter relating to the application and interpretation of this MOU.
ARTICLE 6 CONSULTATION AND COORDINATION
Each of the Parties will establish, as far as it is concerned, the necessary mechanisms for consultation and coordination with those interested in the cooperation and exchanges provided for in this MOU. The Parties may encourage the participation of the public or private institutions whose activities affect the areas and sectors listed in Article 3 and who support implementation of this MOU.
ARTICLE 7 EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION
In effecting this MOU, the Parties agree that they will exchange non-confidential information. Each Party authorizes the other Party to use any exchanged non-confidential information only for the purposes of this MOU, consistent with any communications and policy operations of each Party that are carried out in implementing this MOU.
ARTICLE 8 EXPANSION CLAUSE
The Parties may expand this MOU by mutual consent to include new areas of cooperation or to increase existing levels of cooperation and supplement them, as appropriate, through the signing of supplementary agreements, minutes, reports, or any other joint documents relating to specific sectors, activities, or projects.
ARTICLE 9 FINANCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
The implementation of cooperation activities and projects under this MOU remains subject to each Party’s available budgetary resources dedicated to international
cooperation. Each Party is financially responsible for its own work and expenses in furtherance of this MOU and shall not impose any financial or other liability upon the other Party.
ARTICLE 10 NON-EXCLUSIVITY
This MOU does not limit the ability of a Party to conclude any similar arrangement with any other entity.
ARTICLE 11 AMENDMENT AND MODIFICATION
This MOU may be amended at any time, by mutual agreement of the Parties, by means of an exchange of letters specifying the effective date of the amendment. Any such written amendment or modification shall be attached to and made part of this MOU.
ARTICLE 12 TERM OF THIS MOU
This MOU enters into force and effect on the day it is signed by the Parties (“the Effective Date”) for a period of five (5) years. This MOU shall remain in force from the Effective Date for a period of five (5) years unless otherwise modified, renewed, or terminated according to the terms of this MOU. The Parties will endeavor to consult with one another on modification or renewal of this MOU prior to its five-year expiration date. If not formally renewed, this MOU is renewed by tacit agreement for one (1) additional year.
ARTICLE 13 TERMINATION
Either Party may terminate this MOU by giving written notice to the other Party at least six (6) months in advance. If such notice is given, the Parties shall take the necessary steps to ensure the completion of any activities or projects undertaken jointly in accordance with this MOU. Upon termination, the Parties shall preserve all records derived in furtherance of this MOU.
ARTICLE 14 DISPUTE RESOLUTION
Any dispute relating to the interpretation or application of this MOU shall be resolved by negotiation between the Parties.
ARTICLE 15 RELATIONSHIP TO EXISTING MOU
This MOU shall replace as of its Effective Date, the expired Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation between the Government of The Republic of Estonia and the Government of the State of Maryland, signed in Annapolis on August 15th, 2019.
RECORD AND SIGNATURES
This MOU is prepared in two copies, one in Estonian and one in English. Each Party shall retain one copy of each signed MOU for their records.
Signed in , on , 2026, in duplicate, in Estonian and English, both texts being equally authentic.
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF
THE REPUBLIC OF ESTONIA
FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF
THE STATE OF MARYLAND