Collection of Good practices on Preventive Interventions for Violent Extremism with a focus on juveniles and people aged up to 26 under probation
Note:
The survey has been created by the CEP Expert Group on Violent Extremism and we would like to thank you for taking your time to answer the questions. Please provide your answers by Wednesday 22 January 2025 to
[email protected].
This exercise aims at creating a Collection of Good practices on Preventive Interventions for Violent Extremism with a focus on juveniles and people aged up to 26 under probation on all three levels: primary, secondary and tertiary (please, see the Glossary for explanations). First, the questionnaire will focus on the legal and institutional context. Secondly, the questionnaire will focus on each type of intervention.
We kindly ask you to complete one questionnaire per intervention that can be considered good practice. By good practice we understand interventions that are evaluated and found effective in deradicalization, disengagement or reintegration, and transferable to other jurisdictions.
The answers will be summarized and presented on the CEP website in order to provide CEP members with a Collection of Good practices on Preventive Interventions for Violent Extremism with a focus on juveniles and people aged up to 26. By answering this questionnaire, you agree on summarizing and publishing the information with reference to your country and organisation on the CEP website. No private data will be published or shared.
I. Introduction
1. Country/Jurisdiction: Estonia
2. CEP contact person: Keitlin Räni
3. Is there one or more national coordination bodies for the prevention of violent extremism?
☐ Yes ☐X No
If yes, please name it/them:
4. Is the category of young adult recognised in your legislation?
☐X Yes ☐ No
5. What about in practice?
☐X Yes ☐ No
6. Are there any special interventions focusing on juveniles and people aged up to 26?
☐ Yes ☐ XNo
7. If so, please describe briefly the governance of the prevention of violent extremism in your country with a special focus on juveniles and people aged up to 26.
If a federal country, please refer to both: federal and local levels.
II. Intervention Fiche (X out of Y)
A. Basic Information
1. Name of the Intervention:
2. Institution/Organization Responsible:
3. Contributing Institutions/Organizations:
- List any additional entities involved and describe their role.
4. Contact Person for Further Information:
- Name:
- Email:
5. Website (if available):
B. Types of Preventive Intervention
6. What type of prevention does this intervention focus on?
☐ Primary Prevention (Preventing initial involvement in violent extremism)
☐ Secondary Prevention (Targeting at-risk individuals)
☐ Tertiary Prevention (Preventing recidivism or re-engagement in extremism)
7. What is the target group?
- Age group, demographics, or specific populations (e.g. women, marginalized communities, etc.)
C. Program Structure and Operation
8. Theoretical Background:
- Which theoretical approach does the intervention use? (e.g., Cognitive Behavioural Therapy, Educational, Criminological, etc.)
9. Context of Delivery:
- Where is the intervention delivered? (e.g. schools, prisons, probation organisations, online, community centres, etc.)
10. What types of activities are included in this intervention?
- Workshops, counselling, community outreach, mentoring, etc.
11. Please explain briefly how the intervention works.
12. Are peers or the family involved? If so, how?
13. Involvement of Professionals:
- Which of the following groups are involved in the intervention's activities?
☐ Probation staff
☐ Mental health professionals
☐ Law enforcement/security professionals
☐ Community leaders
☐ Former extremists
☐ Academic experts
☐ Religious/intercultural experts
☐ Social workers
☐ Others: ____________________
14. How many staff are involved in the interventions (e.g., is it a one-to-one, two-to-one, or group approach?)
15. Inter-agency Cooperation:
- How is cooperation between different agencies or organizations ensured? (e.g., communication protocols, meetings, joint evaluations, etc.)
D. Monitoring and Evaluation
16. Has this intervention been evaluated?
☐ Yes ☐ No
- If yes, please specify:
a. Was it an independent or internal evaluation?
b. Methodology used: (e.g., surveys, interviews, statistical analysis, etc.)
c. Key results or findings:
d. Is the evaluation published? (If so, please provide the link)
E. Risk and Mental Health Considerations
17. Does the intervention include risk assessment?
☐ Yes ☐ No
- If yes, what risk assessment tools are used?
- How are mental health risks incorporated into the risk management plan?
18. Does the intervention address participants' mental health needs?
☐ Yes ☐ No
- If yes, describe the support mechanisms or tools used for mental health.
F. Sustainability and Legal Framework
19. Is the intervention supported by a legal or policy framework?
☐ Yes ☐ No
- If yes, briefly describe the relevant legal provisions.
20. How is the intervention funded?
- Is there a sustainability plan for the continuation of the intervention?
G. Human Rights and Social Considerations
21. Does the intervention address human rights, gender, or diversity issues?
☐ Yes ☐ No
- If yes, describe how these issues are incorporated into the intervention’s design and delivery.
22. Does the intervention address stigmatization and marginalization?
☐ Yes ☐ No
- If yes, provide examples of how this is managed.
H. Additional Information
23. Are there any other relevant practices or lessons learned that you wish to highlight related to the intervention described here?
- Please share examples of best practices or areas where challenges have been addressed.
24. Would you be willing to provide follow-up data if requested?
☐ Yes ☐ No
Glossary
Violent extremism refers to actions carried out by organizations or individuals that reject the foundations of democracy and the rule of law and that commit, encourage or approve acts of violence to achieve their aims.
Intervention refers to any organized and systematic effort aimed at preventing or countering violent extremism. These interventions are designed to stop individuals or groups from engaging in or returning to extremist activities through various methods, such as education, psychological support, mentoring, or community-based programs.
By good practice we understand interventions that are evaluated and found effective in deradicalization, disengagement or reintegration, and transferable to other jurisdictions.
Prevention aims to stop violent extremism before it starts or from reoccurring. The forms of prevention are:
- Primary Prevention: General measures to prevent radicalization across the population or specific vulnerable groups.
- Secondary Prevention: Targeted measures aimed at individuals or groups identified as at risk of radicalization.
- Tertiary Prevention: Interventions aimed at preventing re-engagement in violent extremism after initial involvement.