Vastuskiri

Guidance note to facilitate country

consultation on safely treated domestic wastewater estimates

November 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................................... 2

2. SAFELY TREATED WASTEWATER .............................................................................................................. 2

3. COUNTRY CONSULTATION ...................................................................................................................... 4

4. STRUCTURE OF THE COUNTRY FILES ......................................................................................................... 5

5. ACTIONS TO TAKE DURING THE CONSULTATION ......................................................................................... 6

6. REFERENCES AND DOCUMENTATION ........................................................................................................ 6

IN HOUSEHOLDS

Guidance note to facilitate country consultation on safely treated domestic wastewater estimates

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1. BACKGROUND

SDG Indicator 6.3 aims to, by 2030, “improve water quality by reducing pollution, eliminating dumping and minimizing release of hazardous chemicals and materials, halving the proportion of untreated wastewater and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally”.

WHO is in the process of updating the global database on domestic wastewater generation and treatment. The purpose of this country consultation is not to compare global and national estimates of wastewater treatment but rather to review the completeness or correctness of the datasets in the SDG 6.3.1 country file. The country consultation focuses on three main questions:

1. Is the country file missing any relevant national sources of data on domestic water use or components of the wastewater management chain (such as septic tank emptying or wastewater treatment performance)?

2. Are the data sources listed as used considered reliable and suitable for use as official national statistics?

3. Is the interpretation and classification of the data extracted from national sources accurate and appropriate?

This guidance note is designed to support the country consultation on updated estimates of domestic wastewater generation and treatment produced by the WHO, which will be held from 2 December 2024 to 31 January 2025. Following the country consultation WHO will finalize the database and publish updated national, regional and global estimates in May 2025. These estimates will also be included in the UN Secretary General’s annual SDG Progress Report, due to be published in June 2025.

Results of the consultation should be shared with the WHO country and regional offices, and copied to [email protected]. The deadline for the consultation is 31 January 2025.

2. SAFELY TREATED WASTEWATER

SDG Indicator 6.3.1 aims to measure and track over time the percentage of wastewater flows from households, services and industrial premises that are safely treated in compliance with relevant national or local standards. The World Health Organization (WHO) and UN-Habitat serve as the custodian agencies for Indicator 6.3.1, the “proportion of domestic and industrial wastewater flows safely treated”, and are responsible for periodic data compilation and reporting. UN-Habitat is the custodian for data on total wastewater and for industrial wastewater, while WHO is the custodian for domestic wastewater, which includes sewage and faecal sludge from households and service industries. At present, WHO collects data only on wastewater flows from households1 and has used these to produce draft estimates of safely treated domestic wastewater, which represent a subset of the total volume of safely treated wastewater. Currently, these estimates are available only at the national level (i.e. no urban/rural disaggregation).

The wastewater management chain (Figure 1) is used to characterise household wastewater flows from generation to collection, treatment and discharge. Only household wastewater from sewers and septic tanks is eligible to be classified as safely treated. Wastewater flows from households with all other types of sanitation facilities are classified as not safely treated in their entirety. The proportion of the population connected to various types of sanitation facilities is derived from estimates produced by the Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP) under SDG Indicator 6.2.1. Sewer or septic tank wastewater flows can be classified as collected when the wastes are captured in a sewer or in an on-site storage tank or pit, and

1 Wastewater flows from services are rarely monitored independently

Guidance note to facilitate country consultation on safely treated domestic wastewater estimates

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delivered to treatment when they reach a treatment facility – such as an urban wastewater treatment plant or an on-site septic tank leachfield2 (referred to as ‘independent treatment’).

Wastewater flows that are collected in sewers and delivered to urban wastewater treatment plants may undergo primary, secondary, or tertiary treatment (typically in sequence) and may be discharged in or out of compliance with relevant national or local standards depending on the performance of wastewater treatment processes. For SDG 6.3.1, discharges which are compliant with relevant standards are classified as “safely treated”, but in the absence of compliance data, wastewater which receives secondary or higher treatment is also considered to be “safely treated”.

For septic tank wastewater flows that are collected at properly functioning and contained septic tank systems, faecal sludge may be “safely treated” by remaining safely contained underground with solids retained in the tank and liquids infiltrating through a leachfield (in-situ), or by being emptied and either buried on-site, or removed offsite by a service provider to a centralized facility that provides adequate treatment (either co-treatment with sewage, or in a dedicated faecal sludge treatment plant).

WHO seeks to compile data for each of the steps of the wastewater management chain (Figure 1). For many countries, nationally-representative data are not available to describe each step of the wastewater management chain and for each type of sanitation facility. As a result, WHO strategically employs a standard set of default assumptions to fill these data gaps. However, these assumptions are limited: in countries where a greater proportion of the population have sewer connections than have septic tanks, country estimates are not produced without official data on wastewater treatment plant performance (by technology or compliance with standards). Similarly, in countries where a greater proportion of the population have septic tanks than have sewer connections, estimates are not produced without actual data on the safe management of on-site sanitation.

Figure 1. Wastewater management chain

WHO draws on the JMP database for national sources of data on wastewater generation and treatment. This includes three data collection initiatives particularly relevant to Indicator 6.3.1 monitoring:

2 Or other similar on-site treatment system

Guidance note to facilitate country consultation on safely treated domestic wastewater estimates

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• UNSD and United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Environment Statistics3 and corresponding questionnaire.4 UNSD serves as a co-custodian for Indicator 6.3.1 monitoring due to its mandate for wastewater data collection via this questionnaire;

• Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) Environment Statistics;5 • Eurostat Environmental Statistics.6

While OECD and Eurostat operate separate databases, they collect data via a unified questionnaire (OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire on Inland Waters).7 National Statistical Offices (NSOs) are typically responsible for completing their relevant environmental questionnaire as fully as possible.8 UNSD sends out its questionnaire to NSOs for a new round of data collection every two years while OECD and Eurostat do so annually.

3. COUNTRY CONSULTATION

WHO is preparing a global update of the household component of SDG Indicator 6.3.1, with global, regional, and country estimates to be published in May 2025. A rigorous data harvesting exercise has already been conducted across all continents and countries, resulting in a set of draft country estimates. Each draft country estimate has been compiled and presented in an Excel spreadsheet (“country file”) which documents the data, their sources, any assumptions employed to derive the estimate, and whether the estimate is based on sufficient national data to be used for the global SDG database. These draft estimates and country files are being made available to relevant country-level representatives through January 31, 2025 for consultation – a process facilitated by WHO’s Regional Offices. During the country consultation process, relevant ministries and agencies are requested to review and consider the data and their sources while providing feedback to the WHO team so that country estimates can be revised (as needed) and finalized. This guidance note has been developed to support the country consultation process alongside the draft country files.

According to the instructions from the Inter-agency and Expert Group on SDG indicators (IAEG-SDGs), international agencies responsible for producing country estimates on SDG indicators are expected to consult with countries on the interpretation and use of country data in global estimates. The country consultation is a process whereby WHO seeks feedback from national authorities on the country files and draft estimates for safely treated domestic wastewater. It is therefore important that relevant country authorities understand the essential elements of the country file and estimation methods in order to effectively provide feedback through this consultation. The purpose of the consultation is not to compare global and national estimates, methods and definitions but rather to review the completeness or correctness of the data in the country file and to verify its correct interpretation.

WHO Country Offices are not expected to undertake complex analysis, or to review the estimation methodology, but simply to support national authorities to identify any missing data sets and to provide feedback on the interpretation and classification of existing data. Country Offices are best placed to know which sectoral

3 https://unstats.un.org/unsd/envstats/ 4 https://unstats.un.org/unsd/envstats/questionnaire 5 https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/environment/data/oecd-environment-statistics_env-data-en 6 https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/environment/information-data/water 7 Data Collection Manual for the OECD/Eurostat Joint Questionnaire on Inland Waters and Eurostat Regional Water Questionnaire. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/1798247/6664269/Data+Collection+Manual+for+the+OECD_Eurostat+ Joint+Questionnaire+on+Inland+Waters+%28version+3.0%2C+2014%29.pdf/f5f60d49-e88c-4e3c-bc23- c1ec26a01b2a 8 Joint Questionnaire on Inland Waters for European and OECD member countries and the UNSD/UNEP Environment Statistics questionnaire for all other countries.

Guidance note to facilitate country consultation on safely treated domestic wastewater estimates

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ministries should be consulted (sanitation, environment, regulators, and/or utilities) but in all cases it is important to engage with the National Statistics Office which is the national counterpart of IAEG-SDGs and tasked by the UN General Assembly to oversee the global monitoring. In addition, some countries have identified focal points for SDG 6, or for SDG target 6.3, which should be engaged in the consultation process.

4. STRUCTURE OF THE COUNTRY FILES The SDG 6.3.1 country files (Excel spreadsheets) have a series of worksheets as described below:

• Introduction: A summary listing the country and draft estimate for safely treated household wastewater (if available). The country files are multilingual, and the language can be selected among English, Arabic, French, Spanish and Russian on this worksheet.

• Guidance: a short description of the country file and methodology for producing the estimate • Data inputs (reported): A collection of all the relevant wastewater data found to have been reported in

national statistics during recent data harvesting exercises. Note that some of the variables reported might not be used. For example, where data are reported for multiple years, only the most recent or most reliable data points are used for Indicator 6.3.1 calculations.

• Data inputs (all): A summary of all the reported data, sub-totals, calculations, and assumptions utilized for the computation of the country estimate

• A-Generated: Data related to the calculation of total household wastewater generation, including population coverage for on- and off-site water supply and corresponding estimates of domestic water use

• B-Generated by facility type: Data on wastewater generated for each type of sanitation facility and corresponding disaggregation of the total volume of household wastewater generated (Part A);

• C-Wastewater management chain: Summary of data points covering the wastewater management chain (Figure 1) including proportions collected in sewers and on-site storage, delivered to treatment facilities and subsequently safely treated.

• D-Delivered to treatment: Computations of the volumes of household wastewater delivered to treatment facilities by sewer and septic tank wastewater streams, and as per the data in Parts B and C.

• E-Safely treated: Computations of the volumes and proportions safely treated by sewer and septic tank wastewater streams, and presentation of the country estimate (if data are sufficient) or explanation for why it cannot be computed (if data are insufficient).

Each data point in the country file is represented in a box with five components, as shown in Figure 2.

Volume of sewer wastewater generated

[14] 2,051.564 Million m3/year R

Variable ID code (referenced in the Data

input worksheets and/or in the description of

calculations

The type of statistic A – Assumption C – Calculation E – Estimation

R – Reported data

Value associated with the data point

Figure 2. Data point legend

Variable name

Units

Guidance note to facilitate country consultation on safely treated domestic wastewater estimates

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5. ACTIONS TO TAKE DURING THE CONSULTATION

The country consultation should focus on the ‘Data inputs (reported)’ and ‘Data inputs (all)’ worksheets which list those sources of data that were reviewed and used to prepare the 6.3.1 country estimate. The consultation should focus on three main questions:

1. Is the country file missing any relevant national sources of data on domestic water use or components of the wastewater management chain (such as septic tank emptying or wastewater treatment performance)?

If the country file is missing any relevant sources of data, the WHO team will be grateful to receive these data and include them to update the estimates. For example, if data on wastewater treatment are missing from the country file but available from national partners, these could potentially be used to calculate and report on the indicator, or they may transform an invalid country estimate (due to lack of data) into a valid one.

2. Are the data sources listed as used considered reliable and suitable for use as official national statistics?

If any of the data sources listed in the ‘Data inputs (all)’ worksheet are not considered to be reliable and suitable for use in calculating the SDG indicators, please inform the WHO team. Data points can be excluded for global estimates if they are unsuitable, unreliable or simply incorrect.

3. Is the interpretation and classification of the data extracted from national sources accurate and appropriate?

Finally, if the data extracted from the listed sources (shown in detail on the ‘Data inputs (reported)’ worksheet) have not been accurately extracted or interpreted, please inform the WHO team. In some cases, data extracted might have been misinterpreted or misclassified by the WHO team, and therefore will require correction. Note that the Country Files contain formulas and links. We kindly ask you to not work directly in the MS Excel worksheets but rather provide data for consideration including its source in a separate document to the WHO team so they can insert the data into the database accordingly.

Results of the consultation should be shared with the WHO country and regional offices, and copied to [email protected]. The deadline for the consultation is 31 January 2025.

6. REFERENCES AND DOCUMENTATION

2024 indicator report: https://www.unwater.org/publications/progress-wastewater-treatment-2024-update

Methodological note for domestic wastewater monitoring under SDG Indicator 6.3.1: https://www.unwater.org/publications/domestic-wastewater-treatment-methodology-2024

2023 country files for SDG 6.3.1 (domestic component): https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate- change-and-health/water-sanitation-and-health/monitoring-and-evidence/wash-monitoring/2023-country- files-for-sdg-6.3.1

Metadata for SDG 6.3.1: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-06-03-01.pdf

Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene

GUIDANCE NOTE TO FACILITATE COUNTRY CONSULTATION ON JMP ESTIMATES

For drinking water, sanitation and hygiene in households

December 2024

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. BACKGROUND ..................................................................................................................................... 1

2. JMP ESTIMATES FOR BASIC AND SAFELY MANAGED SERVICES ....................................................................... 2

2.1 DRINKING WATER ................................................................................................................................. 2

2.2 SANITATION ........................................................................................................................................ 2

2.3 HYGIENE ............................................................................................................................................. 2

3. JMP ESTIMATION METHODS .................................................................................................................. 3

4. COUNTRY CONSULTATION ...................................................................................................................... 4

5. STRUCTURE OF THE JMP COUNTRY FILES .................................................................................................. 5

5.1 ‘INTRODUCTION’ FOR GENERATING FILES IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES .............................................................. 5

5.2 ‘LADDERS’ FOR THE MOST RECENT ESTIMATES ........................................................................................... 5

5.3 ‘BASIC CHARTS’ (CHARTS B) .................................................................................................................. 5

5.4 ‘SAFELY MANAGED CHARTS’ (CHARTS SM) ............................................................................................... 5

5.5 ‘ESTIMATES’ ........................................................................................................................................ 5

5.6 ‘DATA SUMMARY’ ................................................................................................................................ 5

6. ACTIONS TO TAKE DURING THE CONSULTATION ......................................................................................... 6

7. REFERENCES AND DOCUMENTATION ........................................................................................................ 6

Guidance note to facilitate country consultation on JMP estimates – For WASH in Households

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1. BACKGROUND The WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene (JMP) was established in 1990 and has been instrumental in developing global norms and standards to enable benchmarking of progress on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). Following agreement of the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda by UN Member States, the Inter-Agency & Expert Group on SDG Indicators identified WHO and UNICEF through the JMP as the custodian agencies responsible for compilation and reporting on the official global indicators for Sustainable Development Goal targets for drinking water (6.1.1), sanitation and hygiene (6.2.1a and 6.2.1b).

The JMP produces comparable estimates of progress at country, regional and global levels based on official national data. The most recent JMP report on WASH in households, “Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000-2022: special focus on gender” published estimates produced from 5,340 data inputs, most of which were collected directly from published reports of national authorities, including statistical offices, ministries, and regulators.

Every two years the JMP updates its global databases to incorporate the latest available national data for the global SDG indicators, and is preparing the update of the WASH in households database. The JMP is committed to consulting national authorities on the estimates generated from national data sources through a country consultation process facilitated by WHO and UNICEF country offices. The country consultation aims to engage national statistical offices and other relevant national stakeholders to review the draft estimates and provide technical feedback to the JMP team.

The purpose of the country consultation is not to compare JMP and national estimates of WASH coverage but rather to review the completeness or correctness of the datasets in the JMP country file. The JMP country consultation focuses on three main questions:

a. Is the country file missing any relevant national sources of data on drinking water, sanitation

and hygiene in households that would allow for a better estimate?

b. Are the data sources listed considered reliable and suitable for use as official national statistics?

c. Is the JMP interpretation and classification of the data extracted from national sources accurate and appropriate?

This guidance note is designed to support the country consultation on updated estimates of WASH in households produced by the JMP, which will be held from 2 December 2024 to 31 January 2025. Following the country consultation the JMP will finalize the database and publish updated national, regional and global estimates for SDG targets 6.1 and 6.2 in May 2025. These estimates will also be included in the UN Secretary General’s annual SDG Progress Report, due to be published in June 2025. Results of the consultation should be shared with the WHO and UNICEF country and regional offices, and copied to [email protected]. The consultation deadline is 31 January 2025.

Guidance note to facilitate country consultation on JMP estimates – For WASH in Households

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2. JMP ESTIMATES FOR BASIC AND SAFELY MANAGED SERVICES JMP estimates are based on a simple classification of drinking water sources and sanitation facilities into improved and unimproved types. This information is widely available from national household surveys, censuses and administrative systems. For MDG reporting the JMP estimated the proportion of population using improved and unimproved types of facilities. For SDG reporting the JMP uses information on service levels to classify improved facilities into three categories: ‘limited’, ‘basic’ or ‘safely managed’ services as shown in Figure 1. JMP estimates of the population using ‘safely managed’ drinking water and sanitation services and ‘basic’ hygiene services are used for global tracking progress towards SDG targets 6.1 and 6.2. JMP estimates of the population using ‘basic’ water, sanitation and hygiene services are also used for global tracking of progress towards SDG target 1.4.

Figure 1. JMP service ladders for monitoring drinking water, sanitation and hygiene

2.1 DRINKING WATER

Households using improved drinking water sources which are located on premises, with water available when needed, and free from contamination1, are classified as having ‘safely managed services’. Households not meeting all of these criteria, but using an improved source with water collection times of no more than 30 minutes per round trip are classified as having ‘basic services’, and those using improved sources with water collection times exceeding 30 minutes are classified as ‘limited services’.

2.2 SANITATION

Households using improved sanitation facilities which are not shared with other households are classified as having ‘basic’ services, and those using improved sanitation facilities shared with other households are classified as having ‘limited’ services. To be classified as ‘safely managed’ households must use an improved sanitation facility which is not shared and where excreta are either safely disposed in situ or removed off-site and treated. Sewage that undergoes at least secondary treatment (or primary treatment with a long ocean outfall) will be considered as ‘safely managed’, though non-specific information such as “wastewater treated” will not be used for the estimates. Non-sewered sanitation systems can also be safely managed, if there is information on faecal sludge management including containment, emptying, delivery to treatment and treatment with appropriate technologies.

2.3 HYGIENE

Handwashing with soap and water has been identified as the top priority for improving hygiene. The presence of a hand washing facility with soap and water available is the closest measurable proxy for handwashing in households and has been selected as the global indicator for monitoring progress on hygiene under SDG 6.2. This proxy measure is increasingly included in household surveys, and represents a more reliable indicator than self-reported handwashing behaviour. For global reporting the JMP uses national surveys to estimate the proportion of households with a handwashing facility with soap and water available at home.

1 For global monitoring purposes, the priority water quality parameter will be the absence of faecal indicator bacteria (E. coli or thermotolerant coliforms). Data on arsenic and fluoride will also be used where available.

Guidance note to facilitate country consultation on JMP estimates – For WASH in Households

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3. JMP ESTIMATION METHODS The JMP generates rural, urban and national estimates for each country by drawing a line of best fit between all available data points. Simple linear regression using the least squares method is used to estimate the proportion of the population with each of the following between 2000 and 2024:

• Drinking water o Improved water within 30 minutes (basic or safely managed) o Improved water over 30 minutes (limited) o Unimproved water o Surface water

• Sanitation o Improved and not shared sanitation (basic or safely managed) o Improved and shared sanitation (limited) o Unimproved o Open defecation

• Hygiene o Handwashing facility observed with soap and water available o Handwashing facility without soap or water o No handwashing facility o Bathing facilities on premises o Bathing facilities on premises with water

• Menstrual health o Use of menstrual materials

 Use of reusable materials  Use of single-use materials

o Enough menstrual materials o Private place to change o Awareness of menstruation before first menstrual period o Ability to reduce menstruation-related pain o Comfort seeking help from a health care provider o Participation in school, work, social activities during menstruation

To calculate safely managed drinking water the JMP estimates the proportion of improved drinking water sources (piped and non-piped) which are:

• on premises, • available when needed, and • free from contamination.

These values are multiplied by the proportion of the population using improved drinking water sources, to calculate the population using improved water sources that are on premises, available when needed, and free from contamination. Finally, the JMP uses the minimum of these three values (or two values if either accessibility or availability are missing) to estimate coverage of safely managed drinking water services.

To calculate safely managed sanitation the JMP estimates the proportion of improved sanitation facilities not shared with other households (sewer connections, septic tanks and other improved facilities such as improved pit latrines) from which excreta are

• safely disposed in situ (contained and not emptied, or emptied and buried on site), or • removed from the home through sewer lines and treated at a treatment plant, or • emptied from non-sewered facilities, transported to a treatment plant and treated.

The proportion reaching treatment is adjusted based on the proportion of wastewater and faecal sludge treated.

Guidance note to facilitate country consultation on JMP estimates – For WASH in Households

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While the data required to estimate access to basic WASH services are readily available for most countries, the JMP has not always been able to find the data required to estimate safely managed drinking water and sanitation services. The JMP will only make an estimate if data are available for at least 50% of the relevant population.

4. COUNTRY CONSULTATION According to the instructions from the Interagency and Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators (IAEG-SDGs), international agencies responsible for producing country estimates on SDG indicators are expected to consult with countries on the interpretation and use of country data in global estimates and reports. The JMP country consultation is a process whereby WHO and UNICEF seek feedback from national authorities on the JMP country files and draft estimates of progress in drinking water, sanitation and hygiene. It is therefore important that relevant country authorities understand the essential elements of the JMP country file and estimation methods in order to effectively provide feedback through this consultation.

JMP global and regional estimates are derived by aggregating country trends so establishing comparable estimates of progress across countries is paramount. Because the JMP applies a common methodology across all countries its estimates often differ from government estimates which use different definitions and/or methods. The JMP methodology is rooted in estimates of which water and sanitation facilities are used by households, and gives preference to population-based sources of data such as censuses and household surveys, over administrative records which may be based on infrastructure coverage. However, data from infrastructure-based databases will be essential for other aspects of SDG indicators such as drinking water quality and wastewater treatment.

The purpose of the consultation is not to compare JMP and national estimates of WASH coverage but rather to review the completeness or correctness of the datasets in the JMP country file and to verify the interpretation of national data in the JMP estimates.

WHO and UNICEF country offices are well-placed to ensure coordination and effective division of labour. Country Offices are not expected to undertake complex analysis, or to review the estimation methodology, but simply to support national authorities to identify any missing data sets and to provide feedback on the interpretation and classification of existing data. Country Offices are best placed to know which sectoral ministries should be consulted (water, sanitation, health, environment) but in all cases the consultation should involve the National Statistics Office which is the national counterpart of IAEG-SDGs, the body tasked by the UN General Assembly to oversee the global monitoring, and therefore will be primarily responsible for SDG reporting at the national level2.

2 Please see attached list of NSO SDG focal points compiled by the IAEG-SDGs.

Guidance note to facilitate country consultation on JMP estimates – For WASH in Households

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5. STRUCTURE OF THE JMP COUNTRY FILES The JMP country files have been updated to address the expanded scope and ambition of the SDG targets and the Excel spreadsheet has a series of tabs but for ease of reference the front page includes links to the key tabs as described below: 5.1 ‘INTRODUCTION’ FOR GENERATING FILES IN DIFFERENT LANGUAGES

The introduction tab provides details on the country name, the reference period for the update and the contents of the file. Users can change the language by selecting Arabic, English, French, Spanish, or Russian from the dropdown menu. 5.2 ‘LADDERS’ FOR THE MOST RECENT ESTIMATES

This tab displays drinking water, sanitation and hygiene ‘ladders’ used by the JMP for global monitoring purposes. The ladders show rural, urban and national estimates for the year 2024, or for the latest year for which estimates can be made. Summary estimates are tabulated below as they will appear in the statistical tables at the back of the planned JMP 2025 report.

5.3 ‘BASIC CHARTS’ (CHARTS B)

This tab includes charts showing estimated trends in the use of ‘basic’ drinking water, ‘basic’ sanitation, ‘basic’ hygiene services and open defecation since the year 2000. These charts illustrate the JMP method of using a linear regression of available data points to generate estimates for any given reference year between 2000 and 2024 and highlight differences between previously published estimates of ‘improved’ and new estimates of ‘basic’ services.

5.4 ‘SAFELY MANAGED CHARTS’ (CHARTS SM)

This tab summarises the data used to estimate use of ‘safely managed’ drinking water and ‘safely managed’ sanitation services. It includes charts showing estimated trends in the major types of facilities used by households i.e. piped versus non-piped improved drinking water sources, and sewer connections versus septic tanks and other types of improved sanitation facilities. It also includes charts showing estimated trends in the main elements of ‘safely managed’ services. The drinking water chart shows the proportion of improved drinking water sources which are located on premises, available when needed, and free from contamination. The sanitation chart shows the proportion of population using sanitation facilities from which excreta are disposed in situ, and faecal sludge and sewage which are removed and treated.

5.5 ‘ESTIMATES’

This tab provides estimated values for limited and basic services, as well as for elements of safely managed services. Improved water sources are disaggregated into piped and non-piped sources, while improved sanitation facilities are disaggregated into sewer connections, septic tanks, and improved latrines. Individual elements of safely managed drinking water (on premises, available, and quality) are shown separately, along with the overall estimate of safely managed drinking water, which is the minimum of the three elements. Individual elements of safely managed sanitation (excreta disposed in situ, faecal sludge treated, sewage treated; all excluding shared sanitation) are shown, along with the overall estimate of safely managed sanitation, which is the sum of the three elements. Estimates are also available for bathing and menstrual health. Estimates are provided for rural, urban and national areas, alongside population estimates from the UN Population Division. Estimates are generated for all years possible from 2000 through 2024.

5.6 ‘DATA SUMMARY’

This tab provides a comprehensive list of all national data sources used in the production of JMP country estimates in chronological order. It shows which sources are used to derive each value and whether they are surveys, censuses or administrative sources. For more detailed information on how data extracted from each of these sources has been classified by JMP see ‘Water data’, ‘Sanitation data’, ‘Wastewater data’, ‘Hygiene data’ and Menstrual health data.

Guidance note to facilitate country consultation on JMP estimates – For WASH in Households

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6. ACTIONS TO TAKE DURING THE CONSULTATION The country consultation should focus on the Data Summary tab which lists those sources of data on drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene which have been collected to date. The consultation should focus on three main questions:

a. Is the country file missing any relevant national sources of data on drinking water, sanitation and hygiene in households that would allow for a better estimate?

If the country file is missing any relevant sources of data, the JMP team will be grateful to receive these data and include them to update the estimates. For example, if data on drinking water quality are missing from the country file but available from national partners, these could potentially be used to calculate and report on the indicator for Safely Managed Drinking Water services.

b. Are the data sources listed considered reliable and suitable for use as official national statistics?

If any of the data sources listed in the Data Summary tab are not considered to be reliable and suitable for use in calculating the SDG indicators, please inform the JMP team. Data points can be excluded for global estimates if they are unsuitable, unreliable or simply incorrect.

c. Is the JMP interpretation and classification of the data extracted from national sources accurate and appropriate?

Finally, if the data extracted from the listed sources (shown in detail on the ‘Water Data’, ‘Sanitation Data’, ‘Wastewater Data’, ‘Hygiene Data’, and ‘Menstrual Health Data’ tabs) has not been accurately extracted or interpreted, please inform the JMP team. In some cases, data extracted might have been misinterpreted or misclassified by the JMP team, and therefore will require correction.

Note that the Country Files contain formulas and links. Due to the statistical modelling approach used, we kindly ask you to not work directly in the MS Excel worksheets but rather provide data for consideration including its source in an additional document to the JMP team so they can insert the data and run the models accordingly.

Results of the consultation should be shared with the WHO and UNICEF country and regional offices, and copied to [email protected]. The consultation deadline is 31 January 2025.

7. REFERENCES AND DOCUMENTATION JMP Website: https://www.washdata.org/ SDG Monitoring: https://washdata.org/how-we-work/sdg-monitoring JMP Data: https://washdata.org/data JMP Reports: https://washdata.org/reports JMP Methods: https://washdata.org/monitoring/methods JMP Methodology: 2017 update and SDG baselines https://washdata.org/report/jmp-methodology-2017-update JMP Core questions on water, sanitation and hygiene for household surveys https://washdata.org/report/jmp-2018-core-questions-household-surveys Metadata https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-06-01-01.pdf https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-06-02-01a.pdf https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-06-02-01b.pdf