Pöördumine

2025 WORLD SEPSIS DAY 5 FACTS x 5 ACTIONS

POLICY AND MEDIA BRIEF Developed by the Global Sepsis Alliance in consultation with

the Global Sepsis Survivors and Family Committee

2

Since 2012, over 54,000 stakeholders from 170 countries - including policymakers, national health authorities, healthcare providers, researchers, innovators, advocates, Sepsis survivors, families affected by this devastating medical emergency, and medical students – mark the World Sepsis Day (WSD) on September 13.

World Sepsis Day was initiated by the Global Sepsis Alliance (GSA) – the largest professional and advocacy network in the fight against Sepsis. WSD campaign events are held by GSA members and partners across Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Latin America and Caribbeans, and North America. These campaigns include scientific conferences, training sessions, media outreach, and the launch of national, regional or global initiatives on Sepsis literacy or advocacy.

2024 World Sepsis Day was marked by the historic launch of the 2030 Global Agenda for Sepsis at the German Parliament, the first multi-year strategy to prevent 12 million new Sepsis cases and save 2 million lives over the next 5 years.

In 2025, World Sepsis Day aims to mark a new chapter in the global Sepsis response, with a strong focus on media engagement and public awareness to highlight this largely invisible threat that causes 1 in 5 deaths globally.

Theme of 2025 World Sepsis Day „5 Facts × 5 Actions“

Raising Sepsis literacy is essential to achieving a whole-of-society approach against this medical emergency. The Global Sepsis Alliance proposes the 2025 theme “5 Facts x 5 Actions” as standardized brief for all stakeholders. This theme ref lects:

• Five key messages on the global burden of Sepsis. • Five policy and advocacy actions that can help save millions of lives.

We call on all policymakers, healthcare leaders, and advocates to promote the following:

Introduction to 2025 World Sepsis Day

3

Fact 1

Sepsis is the leading cause of death

globally

■ Every 3 seconds, someone dies of Sepsis ■ Sepsis affects 48.9 million people annually ■ Sepsis is responsible for 1 in 5 deaths worldwide ■ WHO estimates 11 million annual deaths due to Sepsis ■ IHME and the University of Oxford, estimate 21 million Sepsis-related deaths

in 2021, including 4 million AMR-associated deaths. Please see MICROBE viz- hub for your country estimates here

Fact 2

Sepsis Hits the Most Vulnerable the

Hardest - Globally

■ 85% of the global Sepsis burden is concentrated in the Global South, including low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) across Africa, Asia, and Latin America

■ Yet, Sepsis remains the leading cause of hospital deaths, even in high-income countries such as the Unites States

■ Sepsis affects 20 million children under the age of five each year, including newborns.

■ Women, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals are also at high risk of severe outcomes

■ Across all regions, poverty and limited access to care make Sepsis more deadly – especially in areas where health systems are overstretched or under- resourced.

Fact 3

Most Deaths from Sepsis Are

Preventable

■ Prevention of Sepsis through immunization, WASH and other infection control measures is vital.

■ At the same time, early detection of suspected Sepsis is life-saving ■ Every hour of delay in antibiotic treatment increases the risk of deaths by 0.4%

to 7% ■ Timely diagnosis and administration of antibiotics, IV f luids,

immunomodulatory and other therapies save millions of lives

Fact 4

Only 15 of 194 countries invest in

Sepsis

■ Despite affecting every country and causing 20% of deaths globally, only 15 countries have Sepsis policies and action plans

■ Fewer than 10% of countries have Sepsis protocols for timely and effective treatment of children or adults

■ We applaud 180 countries for their national AMR plans, and since AMR-related deaths are part of Sepsis mortality, governments should urgently align AMR and Sepsis strategies

■ Sepsis care on average costs 36,000 Euro per patient and 3.65% of heath sector budgets. Sepsis policies saves lives and costs.

■ Additional data: In the U.S., sepsis accounts for $62 billion in hospital costs annually, with $3.5 billion from readmissions. In Germany, with ~320,000 sepsis cases annually and 27% in-hospital mortality, direct 3-year healthcare costs are estimated at €6.8 billion (US $7.7 billion) per year.

Fact 5

A stronger Sepsis response is essential

for Global Health

■ 2030 Sustainable Development Goals cannot be achieved without stronger Sepsis response, including targets for reduction of maternal and child mortality, or deaths from non-communicable diseases and injuries.

■ Sepsis is a powerful proxy indicator of national health system performance and Universal Health Coverage. Its prevention, early detection, and effective treatment ref lect a well-functioning health system—from primary care and emergency response to intensive care and post-sepsis rehabilitation.

■ Pandemic preparedness requires stronger Sepsis response, as 78% of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units had Sepsis

■ Civilians, healthcare workers, military and humanitarian aid personnel face increased Sepsis risks during emergencies

4

5 Actions Against Sepsis

Action 1

Every country should prioritize and fund Sepsis

response

■ Health ministries and parliamentary committees should develop and finance national Sepsis policies and action plans

■ Sepsis policies and action plans should be integrated into broader health sector reforms and Universal Health Coverage, including for maternal, neonatal and child health and immunization programmes.

■ Governments should seek support for Sepsis response from bilateral and multilateral donors, the World Bank, and other development banks as well as GAVI and the Global Fund.

Action 2

Every country should develop

Sepsis protocols and train healthcare

providers

■ National health authorities and professional associations must create evidence-based clinical guidelines for Sepsis care.

■ These should include community and clinical pathways and first-hour Sepsis bundles for children and adults.

■ Healthcare providers across all healthcare levels – from primary care to emergency medical teams and intensive care units – should be trained in Sepsis care protocols

■ Sepsis prevention and management should be part of medical and nursing curricula

Action 3

Global Health actors should prioritize and fund Sepsis

response

■ Sepsis is one of the best investment cases in Global Health. ■ The United Nations should call for global investment in Sepsis Science and

capacity building ■ Financial Institutions (Word Bank, IMF, etc.), Global Public Private

Partnerships (e.g., GAVI, Global Fund, UNITAID), philanthropic foundations and research programs (e.g., EU Horizon) should prioritize Sepsis response and research.

■ We need investments for new vaccines, diagnostics, AI tools, antibiotics, immunomodulatory and precision medicine approaches for saving millions of lives from Sepsis

Action 4

Media can play a leading role in

saving lives from Sepsis

■ Sepsis kills more people than heart attacks or strokes, yet public awareness remains low

■ Media can be a game changer in Sepsis literacy – making Sepsis a household term and understanding that it is a time-critical emergency and needs immediate medical care

■ Journalists, inf luencers and communicators are vital in holding governments accountable.

■ We call on all representatives of media– TV, radio, press and social - to regularly report on Sepsis and advocate for action

Action 5

Prioritize Sepsis in Pandemic

and Emergency Response

■ Every future pandemic will increase Sepsis risks and Sepsis should be embedded in pandemic preparedness plans

■ Armed conf licts, disasters and humanitarian crises also increase risks and governments should include Sepsis prevention, surveillance and clinical care in emergency plans.

5

Global Sepsis Alliance

■ The Global Sepsis Alliance (GSA) is the largest professional network and advocacy voice for patients and families affected by Sepsis and septic shock. It represents 120 member organizations, including patient groups and professional associations across 6 Regional Sepsis Alliances in Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as Canada and the United States.

■ In 2012 GSA launched the World Sepsis Day (WSD) movement on 13 September, which now engages over 54,000 stakeholders in 170 countries. The WSD page also provides media and communication toolkits and resource materials for different target groups in multiple languages.

■ GSA also initiated fully online, annual f lagship events — the World Sepsis Congresses (WSC) and WSC Spotlights. Since 2016, WSCs have reached over 122,000 healthcare providers, researchers, policymakers, innovators, and advocates with state-of-the-art knowledge in prevention, antimicrobial stewardship, early detection, and timely and effective treatment of Sepsis.

■ GSA played a central role in the adoption of the historic 2017 World Health Assembly (WHA) Resolution on Sepsis (WHA70.7). Finally, GSA led the development of the Global Sepsis Agenda 2030, the first multi- year strategy in partnership with over 70 stakeholders worldwide and the launch of the document at the German Parliament with a special video address from the WHO Director-General.

About Sepsis

■ Sepsis is a life-threatening medical emergency, when the body’s (the host’s) response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs. This can lead to shock, multi-organ failure, disability and death, especially if it is not recognized early and treated promptly.

■ Sepsis is the final common pathway to death from most infectious diseases, including bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens, as well as parasites, such as those causing malaria. Despite the advancements, 30- day septic shock mortality remains high even in developed regions of North America (33.7%) and Europe (32.5%).

■ Sepsis survivors often face long-term sequelae, lifechanging effects of the critical illness, and need specialized care and rehabilitation

2030 Global Agenda for Sepsis

■ The 2030 Global Agenda for Sepsis is the first multi-year strategic vision aimed at alleviating the significant human, societal, healthcare and economic burden of Sepsis and its sequelae through concerted efforts of UN Member States and stakeholders at national, regional and global levels.

■ The 2030 Global Agenda for Sepsis was launched at the German Bundestag in September 2024 in partnership with the Global Health Sub-Committee of the German Parliament, UNITE Parliamentarians Network for Global Health Virchow Foundation and Sepsis Stiftung.

■ The ultimate goal of the 2030 Global Agenda is to avert millions of preventable deaths and disabilities among children, women, and men by stronger positioning of Sepsis in the global health and development architecture and enhancing response capacities to this medical emergency in community and healthcare settings.

Additional Information and Resource

2025 WORLD SEPSIS DAY 5 FACTS x 5 ACTIONS

POLICY AND MEDIA BRIEF Developed by the Global Sepsis Alliance in consultation with

the Global Sepsis Survivors and Family Committee

2

Since 2012, over 54,000 stakeholders from 170 countries - including policymakers, national health authorities, healthcare providers, researchers, innovators, advocates, Sepsis survivors, families affected by this devastating medical emergency, and medical students – mark the World Sepsis Day (WSD) on September 13.

World Sepsis Day was initiated by the Global Sepsis Alliance (GSA) – the largest professional and advocacy network in the fight against Sepsis. WSD campaign events are held by GSA members and partners across Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Latin America and Caribbeans, and North America. These campaigns include scientific conferences, training sessions, media outreach, and the launch of national, regional or global initiatives on Sepsis literacy or advocacy.

2024 World Sepsis Day was marked by the historic launch of the 2030 Global Agenda for Sepsis at the German Parliament, the first multi-year strategy to prevent 12 million new Sepsis cases and save 2 million lives over the next 5 years.

In 2025, World Sepsis Day aims to mark a new chapter in the global Sepsis response, with a strong focus on media engagement and public awareness to highlight this largely invisible threat that causes 1 in 5 deaths globally.

Theme of 2025 World Sepsis Day „5 Facts × 5 Actions“

Raising Sepsis literacy is essential to achieving a whole-of-society approach against this medical emergency. The Global Sepsis Alliance proposes the 2025 theme “5 Facts x 5 Actions” as standardized brief for all stakeholders. This theme ref lects:

• Five key messages on the global burden of Sepsis. • Five policy and advocacy actions that can help save millions of lives.

We call on all policymakers, healthcare leaders, and advocates to promote the following:

Introduction to 2025 World Sepsis Day

3

Fact 1

Sepsis is the leading cause of death

globally

■ Every 3 seconds, someone dies of Sepsis ■ Sepsis affects 48.9 million people annually ■ Sepsis is responsible for 1 in 5 deaths worldwide ■ WHO estimates 11 million annual deaths due to Sepsis ■ IHME and the University of Oxford, estimate 21 million Sepsis-related deaths

in 2021, including 4 million AMR-associated deaths. Please see MICROBE viz- hub for your country estimates here

Fact 2

Sepsis Hits the Most Vulnerable the

Hardest - Globally

■ 85% of the global Sepsis burden is concentrated in the Global South, including low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) across Africa, Asia, and Latin America

■ Yet, Sepsis remains the leading cause of hospital deaths, even in high-income countries such as the Unites States

■ Sepsis affects 20 million children under the age of five each year, including newborns.

■ Women, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals are also at high risk of severe outcomes

■ Across all regions, poverty and limited access to care make Sepsis more deadly – especially in areas where health systems are overstretched or under- resourced.

Fact 3

Most Deaths from Sepsis Are

Preventable

■ Prevention of Sepsis through immunization, WASH and other infection control measures is vital.

■ At the same time, early detection of suspected Sepsis is life-saving ■ Every hour of delay in antibiotic treatment increases the risk of deaths by 0.4%

to 7% ■ Timely diagnosis and administration of antibiotics, IV f luids,

immunomodulatory and other therapies save millions of lives

Fact 4

Only 15 of 194 countries invest in

Sepsis

■ Despite affecting every country and causing 20% of deaths globally, only 15 countries have Sepsis policies and action plans

■ Fewer than 10% of countries have Sepsis protocols for timely and effective treatment of children or adults

■ We applaud 180 countries for their national AMR plans, and since AMR-related deaths are part of Sepsis mortality, governments should urgently align AMR and Sepsis strategies

■ Sepsis care on average costs 36,000 Euro per patient and 3.65% of heath sector budgets. Sepsis policies saves lives and costs.

■ Additional data: In the U.S., sepsis accounts for $62 billion in hospital costs annually, with $3.5 billion from readmissions. In Germany, with ~320,000 sepsis cases annually and 27% in-hospital mortality, direct 3-year healthcare costs are estimated at €6.8 billion (US $7.7 billion) per year.

Fact 5

A stronger Sepsis response is essential

for Global Health

■ 2030 Sustainable Development Goals cannot be achieved without stronger Sepsis response, including targets for reduction of maternal and child mortality, or deaths from non-communicable diseases and injuries.

■ Sepsis is a powerful proxy indicator of national health system performance and Universal Health Coverage. Its prevention, early detection, and effective treatment ref lect a well-functioning health system—from primary care and emergency response to intensive care and post-sepsis rehabilitation.

■ Pandemic preparedness requires stronger Sepsis response, as 78% of COVID-19 patients in intensive care units had Sepsis

■ Civilians, healthcare workers, military and humanitarian aid personnel face increased Sepsis risks during emergencies

4

5 Actions Against Sepsis

Action 1

Every country should prioritize and fund Sepsis

response

■ Health ministries and parliamentary committees should develop and finance national Sepsis policies and action plans

■ Sepsis policies and action plans should be integrated into broader health sector reforms and Universal Health Coverage, including for maternal, neonatal and child health and immunization programmes.

■ Governments should seek support for Sepsis response from bilateral and multilateral donors, the World Bank, and other development banks as well as GAVI and the Global Fund.

Action 2

Every country should develop

Sepsis protocols and train healthcare

providers

■ National health authorities and professional associations must create evidence-based clinical guidelines for Sepsis care.

■ These should include community and clinical pathways and first-hour Sepsis bundles for children and adults.

■ Healthcare providers across all healthcare levels – from primary care to emergency medical teams and intensive care units – should be trained in Sepsis care protocols

■ Sepsis prevention and management should be part of medical and nursing curricula

Action 3

Global Health actors should prioritize and fund Sepsis

response

■ Sepsis is one of the best investment cases in Global Health. ■ The United Nations should call for global investment in Sepsis Science and

capacity building ■ Financial Institutions (Word Bank, IMF, etc.), Global Public Private

Partnerships (e.g., GAVI, Global Fund, UNITAID), philanthropic foundations and research programs (e.g., EU Horizon) should prioritize Sepsis response and research.

■ We need investments for new vaccines, diagnostics, AI tools, antibiotics, immunomodulatory and precision medicine approaches for saving millions of lives from Sepsis

Action 4

Media can play a leading role in

saving lives from Sepsis

■ Sepsis kills more people than heart attacks or strokes, yet public awareness remains low

■ Media can be a game changer in Sepsis literacy – making Sepsis a household term and understanding that it is a time-critical emergency and needs immediate medical care

■ Journalists, inf luencers and communicators are vital in holding governments accountable.

■ We call on all representatives of media– TV, radio, press and social - to regularly report on Sepsis and advocate for action

Action 5

Prioritize Sepsis in Pandemic

and Emergency Response

■ Every future pandemic will increase Sepsis risks and Sepsis should be embedded in pandemic preparedness plans

■ Armed conf licts, disasters and humanitarian crises also increase risks and governments should include Sepsis prevention, surveillance and clinical care in emergency plans.

5

Global Sepsis Alliance

■ The Global Sepsis Alliance (GSA) is the largest professional network and advocacy voice for patients and families affected by Sepsis and septic shock. It represents 120 member organizations, including patient groups and professional associations across 6 Regional Sepsis Alliances in Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Latin America and the Caribbean, as well as Canada and the United States.

■ In 2012 GSA launched the World Sepsis Day (WSD) movement on 13 September, which now engages over 54,000 stakeholders in 170 countries. The WSD page also provides media and communication toolkits and resource materials for different target groups in multiple languages.

■ GSA also initiated fully online, annual f lagship events — the World Sepsis Congresses (WSC) and WSC Spotlights. Since 2016, WSCs have reached over 122,000 healthcare providers, researchers, policymakers, innovators, and advocates with state-of-the-art knowledge in prevention, antimicrobial stewardship, early detection, and timely and effective treatment of Sepsis.

■ GSA played a central role in the adoption of the historic 2017 World Health Assembly (WHA) Resolution on Sepsis (WHA70.7). Finally, GSA led the development of the Global Sepsis Agenda 2030, the first multi- year strategy in partnership with over 70 stakeholders worldwide and the launch of the document at the German Parliament with a special video address from the WHO Director-General.

About Sepsis

■ Sepsis is a life-threatening medical emergency, when the body’s (the host’s) response to infection causes injury to its own tissues and organs. This can lead to shock, multi-organ failure, disability and death, especially if it is not recognized early and treated promptly.

■ Sepsis is the final common pathway to death from most infectious diseases, including bacterial, viral and fungal pathogens, as well as parasites, such as those causing malaria. Despite the advancements, 30- day septic shock mortality remains high even in developed regions of North America (33.7%) and Europe (32.5%).

■ Sepsis survivors often face long-term sequelae, lifechanging effects of the critical illness, and need specialized care and rehabilitation

2030 Global Agenda for Sepsis

■ The 2030 Global Agenda for Sepsis is the first multi-year strategic vision aimed at alleviating the significant human, societal, healthcare and economic burden of Sepsis and its sequelae through concerted efforts of UN Member States and stakeholders at national, regional and global levels.

■ The 2030 Global Agenda for Sepsis was launched at the German Bundestag in September 2024 in partnership with the Global Health Sub-Committee of the German Parliament, UNITE Parliamentarians Network for Global Health Virchow Foundation and Sepsis Stiftung.

■ The ultimate goal of the 2030 Global Agenda is to avert millions of preventable deaths and disabilities among children, women, and men by stronger positioning of Sepsis in the global health and development architecture and enhancing response capacities to this medical emergency in community and healthcare settings.

Additional Information and Resource

28 August, 2025

Berlin, Germany H.E. Dr. Karmen Joller Minister of Social Affairs Ministry of Social Affairs, Suur-Ameerika 1, 10122 Tallinn, ESTONIA

2025 WORLD SEPSIS DAY – SEPTEMBER 13 “5 Facts x 5 Actions”

Dear Minister Joller, Your Excellency, On behalf of the Global Sepsis Alliance (GSA), the European Sepsis Alliance (ESA), and the Global Sepsis Survivor and Family Committee (GSSFC), we extend our sincere appreciation for your dedication to advancing the global health agenda. As World Sepsis Day 2025 is fast approaching on September 13, we respectfully seek your leadership in marking this important occasion in Estonia. We have been honoured to convene 2023 and 2024 World Sepsis Day (WSD) campaigns under the Patronage of Dr. Tedros Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General and we look forward to receiving his special video address for 2025 WSD. For more information, please refer to the link. This year’s campaign themed “5 Facts × 5 Actions” highlights the urgent need to raise public awareness and drive policy to combat Sepsis – a global health threat affecting nearly 50 million children, women and men each year and responsible for 20% of all deaths worldwide. To support the implementation of the 2030 Global Agenda for Sepsis, launched at the German Parliament as the first multi-year strategy in this field, we cordially invite your Ministry to:

• Organize a press conference/media briefing on September 13 or during Sepsis Awareness Month in September to promote public literacy about Sepsis.

• Include Sepsis survivors and affected family members in the media events to share their personal experiences and inspire broader public and policy action.

• Present national Sepsis data on morbidity and mortality (based on national records or the MICROBE database) and outline current or planned strategies for prevention, early detection, and clinical management in both paediatric and adult populations.

In support of your advocacy efforts, we are delighted to share the attached 2025 World Sepsis Day Policy and Media Brief (Annex A), which summarizes:

• Five key facts about the global burden of Sepsis • Five life-saving policy actions for governments, media, and stakeholders, and • Evidence-based advocacy messages and statistics for media use.

We would also like to draw your attention to the latest global and national data from MICROBE database, developed by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) and the University of Oxford. According to the estimates, in 2021 alone, 4,457 people in Estonia died from Sepsis as an immediate or intermediate cause, including approximately 1,371 deaths due to bacterial infections and 616 deaths associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The Global Sepsis Alliance, together with our network of 122 member organizations across 6 geographic regions, looks forward to strengthening collaboration with your Ministry toward organizing impactful activities for World Sepsis Day 2025 and implementation of the 2030 Global Agenda for Sepsis in Estonia. For any assistance needed, your office may contact Simone Mancini – Partnership Lead at the Berlin head office of the Global Sepsis Alliance ([email protected]). Thank you in advance for your commitment to elevating Sepsis on the national health agenda and for helping prevent millions of avoidable deaths worldwide. We look forward to your response and to the successful implementation of the 2025 World Sepsis Day events in your country. Please accept, Your Excellency, the assurances of our highest consideration. Sincerely,

Prof. Niranjan Kissoon

President Global Sepsis Alliance

Past President, World Federation for Paediatric Intensive & Critical Care

Societies (WFICCS)

Hon. Dr. Mariam Jashi

CEO Global Sepsis Alliance

Former Chair of Parliamentary

Committee and Deputy Minister of Health of Georgia

Prof. Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis

Chair European Sepsis Alliance

President

Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis

28 August, 2025

Berlin, Germany H.E. Dr. Karmen Joller Minister of Social Affairs Ministry of Social Affairs, Suur-Ameerika 1, 10122 Tallinn, ESTONIA

2025 WORLD SEPSIS DAY – SEPTEMBER 13 “5 Facts x 5 Actions”

Dear Minister Joller, Your Excellency, On behalf of the Global Sepsis Alliance (GSA), the European Sepsis Alliance (ESA), and the Global Sepsis Survivor and Family Committee (GSSFC), we extend our sincere appreciation for your dedication to advancing the global health agenda. As World Sepsis Day 2025 is fast approaching on September 13, we respectfully seek your leadership in marking this important occasion in Estonia. We have been honoured to convene 2023 and 2024 World Sepsis Day (WSD) campaigns under the Patronage of Dr. Tedros Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General and we look forward to receiving his special video address for 2025 WSD. For more information, please refer to the link. This year’s campaign themed “5 Facts × 5 Actions” highlights the urgent need to raise public awareness and drive policy to combat Sepsis – a global health threat affecting nearly 50 million children, women and men each year and responsible for 20% of all deaths worldwide. To support the implementation of the 2030 Global Agenda for Sepsis, launched at the German Parliament as the first multi-year strategy in this field, we cordially invite your Ministry to:

• Organize a press conference/media briefing on September 13 or during Sepsis Awareness Month in September to promote public literacy about Sepsis.

• Include Sepsis survivors and affected family members in the media events to share their personal experiences and inspire broader public and policy action.

• Present national Sepsis data on morbidity and mortality (based on national records or the MICROBE database) and outline current or planned strategies for prevention, early detection, and clinical management in both paediatric and adult populations.

In support of your advocacy efforts, we are delighted to share the attached 2025 World Sepsis Day Policy and Media Brief (Annex A), which summarizes:

• Five key facts about the global burden of Sepsis • Five life-saving policy actions for governments, media, and stakeholders, and • Evidence-based advocacy messages and statistics for media use.

We would also like to draw your attention to the latest global and national data from MICROBE database, developed by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) and the University of Oxford. According to the estimates, in 2021 alone, 4,457 people in Estonia died from Sepsis as an immediate or intermediate cause, including approximately 1,371 deaths due to bacterial infections and 616 deaths associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The Global Sepsis Alliance, together with our network of 122 member organizations across 6 geographic regions, looks forward to strengthening collaboration with your Ministry toward organizing impactful activities for World Sepsis Day 2025 and implementation of the 2030 Global Agenda for Sepsis in Estonia. For any assistance needed, your office may contact Simone Mancini – Partnership Lead at the Berlin head office of the Global Sepsis Alliance ([email protected]). Thank you in advance for your commitment to elevating Sepsis on the national health agenda and for helping prevent millions of avoidable deaths worldwide. We look forward to your response and to the successful implementation of the 2025 World Sepsis Day events in your country. Please accept, Your Excellency, the assurances of our highest consideration. Sincerely,

Prof. Niranjan Kissoon

President Global Sepsis Alliance

Past President, World Federation for Paediatric Intensive & Critical Care

Societies (WFICCS)

Hon. Dr. Mariam Jashi

CEO Global Sepsis Alliance

Former Chair of Parliamentary

Committee and Deputy Minister of Health of Georgia

Prof. Evangelos J. Giamarellos-Bourboulis

Chair European Sepsis Alliance

President

Hellenic Institute for the Study of Sepsis