Kiri

The Destruction of the Cairo Cemetery

The Unplanned Development at St. Katherine’s

The Obelisk and four rams taken out of their original archaeological site to imitate European Squares

The wedding Halls at Mohamed Ali’s Mosque

The horribly restored statue in front of the Temple of Luxor.

The Weddings and Private parties on top of the 23rd-26th Dynasty Tombs

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ةفاقثلاو مولعلاو ةيبرتلا ةمظنم ـل ماع ريتركس رايتخا ىلع ينمئاقلا ةداسلا يلا

،مارتحلااو ريدقتلا ةيتح

تكردأ ينح ،۱۹٤٥ ماع ةيناثلا ةيلماعلا برلحا لاوهأ دعب تدلو دق ةفاقثلاو مولعلاو ةيبرتلا ةمظنم نا اعيمج فرعن لوقعلاب لب ،حلاسلاب لاو ةوقلاب ىنبُي لا ملاسلا نأو ،ةاناعلماو نادقفلا ىوس نابلجي لا رامدلاو بارلخا نأ ءاعمج ةيناسنلإا ملعلاو ةيبرتلا نم لعجيلو ،بورلحا تقم نلعيل ةمظنلما هذه قاثيم ءاج .ةيناسنلإا ةماركلاب ةنمؤلما بولقلاو ةرينتسلما .عارصلاو ةقرفلا يف ًاببس دودلحا نوكت نأ لدب ،بوعشلا ينب لصاوتلل ًاروسج ةفاقثلاو ماعلا وهو ۲۰۱٦ ماع ذنم ثبع يف هدصر تم ام لجا نم )يرصلما ثارتلاب ينلماعلا نم ةريبك ةعومجم( مويلا مكل بتكن .يمدقلا ملاعلا تاراضح ربكأ دحأ ،رصم مجحب ةلودل راثلاا ةبيقح ينانعلا دلاخ يرصلما حشرلما هيف يلوت يذلا قاثيم نا انه ركذتنو ،نلآا ىتح خيراتلا اذه ذنم بارخو ثبع نم رصم يف ةيثارتلاو ةيرثلاا ةموظنلما باصأ ام اعيمج عباتن ،لايجلاا هب يدتهت ساربنو ةيماسً ةلاسر ربتعت يتلا يناسنلإا اهعادبإ ةيامحو كرتشلما ةيرشبلا ثارت نوص ىلع مئاق ةمظنلما ،ةراضلحا ىلع ظافلحا بجاوو ةرورض بابشلا مهليً اردصمو ،ريصلما ةدحو ىلعً ادهاش ميظعلا ثرلإا اذه لظي ىتح .مهافتلاو ملاسلا هدوسيً لابقتسم ءانب ىلع صرلحاو

:ةيلاتلا طاقنلا يف حشرلما اذه ىلع انضارتعا زجوأ نل نيذللا ةقثلا يوذ ينيعت فدهب دمع نع يرصلما ثارتلا نوصو ةياملح ةيرادلإا ةموظنلما فاعضا •

ةريهشلا هتلوقم لعلو راثلآا نم ريبك ددع مدهو لب ينناوقلو حئاولل ةقباطلما ريغ تابلطلا ىلع قيدصتلا اوقيعي

هجهنم ىلع يليلد ريلخ )!صلخنح شم اهلك اهتلجسول ..راثآ اهلك رصمو يمدق بوط ةيوش لاا يهام راثلآا

.هتاعانقو

ينلصالحا ناتميقلا ناتاه اروز مهتا ثيح ۲۰۱۹ ماع ينييمداكلأا هئلامز نم يننثا عم هلعف ام ةيناسنلإا هل رفغت نلو

دض ةيبرع ةهج عم رباختلاب بزع يفطصم دلاخ .د و ديجلما دبع دمحم .د امهو ةيملعلا تاجردلا عفرا يلع

فارعلأا لك دض )۲۰۲۰ ةنسل ٥٥۸ مقر ةيضق( نوجسلا يف امهب جزو ةروظحم ةعاملج مامضنلااو رصم

ماع ةدلم امهنجس ،ةيردنكسلإا ةبتكم ينفظومو ةقراغلا راثلآا لاجم يف ينلماعلا يسني نلو .ةيقلاخلأاو ةبجاولا

لهو ؟اهدلاو نجس ناكم هفرعم يف لاما ءارزولا سيئرل بزع يفطصم دلاخ روتكدلا ةنبا ةدشانمو روهش ثلاثو

؟هيلع ضبقلا ةظلح ةيشحوب هتناهاو هئاذيا دعب ةايلحا ديق ىلع لازام وه

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،هدونب مظعم يف كلذو ذيفنتلا زيح هلوخد ذنم )۱۹۸۳ نوناق( رصم ةلودل يلحلما راثلآا نوناق قارتخا •

)ايلاح يرصلما حشرلما( ريزولا عيقوتب رارقلا اذه لعجو يثارتلا عقولما/رثلأا بحس رارقب صالخا تنلما رييغتو لب .ةيمدقلا تاراضلحا تاذ لودلا يف ةصاخ قطنم يلا يفانم ءيش وهو طقف

۲۰۱۸ وينوي ۱۱ – ا رركم ۲۳ ددعلا ةيمسرلا ةديرلجا – ۱٤ ةدام

ةنجللا ةقفاوم دعبو ةرادلإا سلجم حارتقا ىلع ءانب ريزولا نم رارقب هنم ءزج وا يراقعلا رثلأا ليجست بطش زوجي

.ةيمسرلا ةديرلجا يف بطشلا رارق رشنيو .ةصتخلما

ريزولا نم رشابم ينيعت نم مه ةصصختلما ناجللا كلذكو ةرادلإا سلجم ءاضعأ نا ركذلاب ريدج

."راثلآا بطش ريزو" بقل هيلع ةيلحلما ةفاحصلا تقلطأ دقف اذل

:لاثلما ليبس ىلع ،راثلآا ملع تباوث طئالحا ضرعب تبرض قباوس ةماقإ •

:يلصلأا اهنطوم نم راثلآا لقن ىلع مادقلإا

)اتلدلاب يرثلاا سينات عقوم نم ةلوقنم( ريبكلا يرصلما فحتلما ةلسم

ىلع ظافلحا دعاوقل خراص كاهتناب يرصلما حشرلما ماق ،ةيرصلما راثلآا لاجم يف لدجلل ةراثإ عئاقولا رثكأ نم ةدحاو يف ريبكلا يرصلما فحتلما ةحاس ىلإ اتلّدلاب سينات يف يلصلأا اهعقوم نم ةيرثأ ةلسم لقنب ماق امدنع ثارتلا ءانفلا يف اهعفر ءانثأ ةلسلما تمشهت امدعب ةيرثأ ةثراك ىلإ تلوتح ينطو زانجإك يرصلما حشرلما اهل جّوُر يتلا لقنلا ةيلمع عنُم ذإ :هسفن رسكلا نم رطخأ ناك ةثدالحا لات ام نأ ريغ ،هسفنب عورشلما ريدم هدهاش دهشم يف ،فحتملل يجرالخا ىرج لب ،كلذ دنع رملأا فقي مل .ةعقاولا ىلع متكتلل لامعلل تعفد يواشر نع رداصم تثدتحو ،بيهرتلاب ريوصتلا

اهتفصو ةيلمع يف ،روسكلاو خورشلا ءافخلإ رجحلل هباشم نولب هؤلاط ىرج بوط لاخدإو تنمسلأاب ةلسلما ”ميمرت“ اهطوقس يفلاتل غرفم يندعم ضوح لخاد ةلسلما تيبثت ىرج مث ."ةقيقحلل دمعتم سمط" اهنأب ةصصختم رداصم .ءامسلاو ضرلأا ينب لصولا ةزمه اهفصوب ةيخيراتلا اهتيزمر نم ةلسلما غرفي هنكل ً،ايرهاظ يلمع لح وهو ً،اددجم . حرطتو ،طئالحا ضرعب راثلآا ملع تباوث برضت يتلاو يرصلما حشرلما اهب ماق يتلا تازواجتلا مجح فشكت ةعقاولا هذه دلالخا اهثارت ةيامح :.رثلأا ةلاصاو خيراتلا ةيوه تافلم مهأ نم فلم ةرادإ يف ةلءاسلماو ةيفافشلا بايغ لوح ةريطخ ةلئسأ .هيوشتلاو ثبعلا نم )رصقلااب يرثلاا كنركلا عقوم نم ةلوقنم( كنركلا دبعم شابك فلاآ ةعبرأ نم رثكلأ يلصلأا اهعضوم يف ةخماش تفقو يتلا و كنركلا دبعم شابك لقن ةركف يمدقتب يرصلما حشرلما ماق يلاهلأا هفصو دهشم يف شابك عبرلأا عازتنا تم لعفلابو "ةيراكتبا ةركف"ك يسايسلا ةدايقلا ماما ريرحتلا ناديم ينيزتل ماع )ةروص قفرم( سانلا ينعأ نع اهبجلح ءاضيب تايلام تتح تيفخُأو ،لقن فصن تارايس ىلع تلِّمُح ثيح ،"يزخلما"ـب

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ةوارضب عفاد يذلا ،۲۰۱۰ ماع ساوح يهاز روتكدلل يمدق حيرصت ءاعدتسا دنع اهسفن فشكت ةقرافلما ةنيدلما عراوش يف يف سيل هناكمو ،ثولتلا نم هيمحن نحن" ً:لائاق ريبكلا فحتلما ىلإ سيسمر ناديم نم يناثلا سيسمر لاثتم لقن نع ربكأ نم دحاو ىلإ سدقلما اهمرح نم كنركلا شابك تلقُن ذإ ؛ًاماتم أدبلما اذه ضقاني ۲۰۱۹ ماع ثدح ام نكل ."ناديلما حرطي ضقانتلا اذه .ماحزلا بلق يف ةيرضح تاروكيد درجم ىلإ ةقيرع ةيزمرو ةينيد ملاعم نم لوحتتل ،رصم نيدايم ليمجتلل تاودأ ىلإ اهليوحتلً اهجوت كانه نأ مأ ،نلعُي امك اهنوصو راثلآا ةيامح ًاقح فدهلا له :ةجرحم تلاؤاست ؟ةيحورلاو ةيخيراتلا اهتميقل رابتعا لاب يسايسلا )اتلدلاب يرثلاا سينات عقوم نم ةلوقنم( ريرحتلا ناديم ةلسم يسايسلا ةدايقلا يلا يموق عورشم راطإ يف اهلقن ةركف يمدقتب يرصلما حشرلما ماق ثيح ،ايلاح ناديلما طسوتت ىلع نومئاقلا هنع حصفُي مل ام نكل .ىربكلا ملاعلا نيدايم يكاتحو يضالما ةمظع سكعت ةيراضح ةفاضإ اهنأ هعنقاو سمالخا نرقلا ىلإ عجري يمدق يبوروأ طيطخت لب ً،ارصاعمً اراكتبا سيل هيلإ دنُتسا يذلا ينارمعلا جذومنلا اذه نأ عورشلما ندلما بلق يف تلاسلما عضو ىلع مئاقلا ينامورلا عباطلا نم نيدايلما هيف تيحوُتسا ،رشع ةيبوروأ ةركفل ريودت ةداعإ لب ،ةيزمرلا اهتلالاد وأ راثلآا قايس مرتتح ةليصأ ةيرصم ةيؤر نكي مل ىرج ام ،ىرخأ تاملكب ةينطولا ةيوهلل ءايحإ اهنأ ىلع اهريرتم ىرج ةيمدق عورشم يف روكيد ةعطقك اهفيظوت ديعُأ دقو ،ةيلصلأا اهتئيب يف اهخومش نم يننسلا فلاآ دعب ،اهسفن ةلسلما دتج اذكه ،هتيسدق ىلع ظافلحا بجي يراضح زمرك يرصلما ثارتلا ىلإ رظنُي له :ةمداص تلاؤاست ريثي دهشم يف ،ةنيدملل يليمتج ؟هخيرات لاو ناكلما حور لمتح لا ةينارمع عيراشم ىلع "ةقارعلا" نم ةسلم ءافضلإ مدختست ةيليمتج ةادأك مأ

)اتلدلاب يرثلاا سينات عقوم نم ةلوقنم( ةيرادلإا ةمصاعلاب نونفلا ةنيدم ناتلسم

ةديدلجا ةيرادلإا ةمصاعلاب نونفلا ةنيدم ىلإ تدتما لب ،ةيلصلأا اهعضاوم نع ةيرصلما تلاسلما لقن ةلسلس فقوتت مل

ينتلسلما نأب هعنقأو ."رصم ايتح قودنص" نع لوؤسلما ،ينمأ دمحم لارنلجا ً ىلع ضرعلاب يرصلما حشرلما ماق ينح ةدنجأ ىلع يرصلما هريظنو نوركام ليونايمإ يسنرفلا سيئرلا ةرايز جاردإ عم ةصاخ ،"ناكملل ةفاضم ةميق" نانوكتس ۲۰۱۹رياني يف ةسائرلا ءاج لب ،ثارتلا ىلع ظافحلل ةيجيتارتسا وأ ةيرثأ ةيؤر نم اعبان نكي مل رارقلا يف تممُص يتلا يهو اهتيزمرو اهتلاصا اذكه لاتغاو ،ةنيدلما لخدم يلا اتلدلاب سينات نم ناتيرثلأا ناتلسلما لقن تم اذهب ةيسايس تابسانم يف ىعدتسُت ةيليمتج تاودأ درجم تسيلو ،ءامسلاو ضرلأا ينب لصت ةيحورو ةينيد ًازومر نوكتل لصلأا .ةيلصلأا اهتفسلف عم ةخراص ةعيطق يف ،ةيلوكوتورب لئاسرو

:لاثلما ليبس ىلع ـ ميمرتلا ملع تباوث طئالحا ضرعب تبرض قباوس ةماقإ •

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يلع ةمئاقلا ليثامتلل ميمرت لامعأ ذيفنتب يرصلما حشرلما ماق ،ثارتلاب ينمتهلماو ينصصختلما راكنتسا راثأ دهشم يف لكشب تنمسلأا مادختساب ةيماملأا ليثامتلا ميمرتب رمأ دقف ." ةحيضف" هنأب ءاربخ هفصو وحن ىلع رصقلأا دبعم ةهجاو يرثلأا عقولما ةيلامج هّوشيو ةيلودلا ريياعلما عم ًايلك ضقانتي حيبق دهشم نع رفسأ ام ،عورمو جف ام وهو ،۱۹۷۹ ماع ذنم وكسنويلل يلماعلا ثارتلا ةمئاق ىلع ةلجسم ةنيدلماف ،يرصبلا قوذلا دودح دنع فقي لا رملأا تاميمرتلا .فينصتلا اذه ىلع ظافحللً ايساسأً اطرش دعُت يتلا "ةيئانثتسلاا ةيلماعلا ةميقلا" مارتحاب ًامراص ًامازتلا ضرفي اهتمرب يلماعلا ثارتلا ةمئاق ىلع رصقلأا ةناكم ددهت لب ،ميمرتلا ملع ينناوق طقف كهتنت لا ةقيرطلا هذهب ةيرالجا ثيح ،ةيبرغلا ةبيط دباعم ىلإ ةقباطلما ريغ ميمرتلا عيراشم لامكتساب يرصلما حشرلما ماق ،ةلوزعم ةعقاولا هذه نكت ملو هنوص نمً لادب ،يرصلما ثارتلاب لوؤسلما ريغ ثبعلا نم ًارركتم ًاطنم سكعي امم ،ةيملعلا ريياعلما ىلإ رقتفت تلاخدت تلجُس ةمداقلا لايجلأل لماعتلل كلذو وكسنويلا ةمئاق ىلع يلماع ثارتك ةلجسلما ةراقس ةقطنم ينممرلم ةيرادلإا هرماوأ ءاطعإب يرصلما حشرلما ماق مهنطوم نم مهعزنو رباقم سمخ ددع عيطقتو ،ةراقسب "عرنرم" كللما مره برغ لامش رئافح يف ةلماعلا ةيرثلأا ةثعبلا عم .يلصلأا .ةراقسب بتحيمإ فحتم كلذكو ةراضلحا فحتمو ريبكلا يرصلما فحتلما ىلإ اهنم ثلاث لقنو رباقلما عيطقت تم ،لعفلابو ميمرتلا لامعلأ مظنلما ةيقدنبلا قاثيم نم عباسلا دنبلا ةصاخو راثلآا ةيامح ينناوقل اقرخ دعي كلذ نا دحأ ىلع ىفخيلاو ماع رداصلا وكسنويلاب يلماعلا ثارتلا ةقيثول يسيئرلاو يساسلاا عجرلما دعي يذلاو ةيرثلأا ينابلماو عقاولما ىلع ظافلحاو

.دباعلماو رباقلما لثم اهناكم نم ةتباث راثأ عيطقتو لقن عنتم يتلاو رصم اهيلع تعقو يتلاو ۱۹۷٤ داولم براتج لقح ةقيرعلا رصم دباعم تتاب لهو ؟تاسراملما هذه ىلع ينمئاقلا بساحي نم :ةريطخ ةلئسأ حرطُت اذكه ؟ةراضلحا ةيرقبع ىلع ًادلاخ ًادهاش نوكت نأ نمً لادب ،ةصيخر ءانب

)روص قفرم( ةيمدقلا ةدابعلا ةريدا رقع يف ةبخاصلا تاناجرهلماو حارفلااو تلافلحا ةقباس ةماقإ •

ةقيرع ةدابع عقاوم ليوحتب يرصلما حشرلما ماق ،نكاملأا ةيسدقو خيراتلا ةميقب ٍعاو ناسنإ لك ىدل ةصغلا ريثي قارتخا يف دباعلما لخاد حارفأو تلافح ماقُت ثيح ،ةنزحم دهاشم قثوت ةلوادتم روص .ةبخاصلا تاناجرهلماو صقرلل تاحاس ىلإ يقرشلا صقرلاب جضت مويلا اهب اذإف ،ةينيدلا سوقطلاو ةلاصلل ءامدقلا نويرصلما اهيف عمتجا يتلا تاحاسلا يف ،ةينوعرفلا توصلا تاربكم ءاضوضو

يلع دمحم عماج ليوحتب يرصلما حشرلما ماق ،ةيخيراتلا ةرهاقلا بلق يفف ؛ثبعلا اذه نم ةيملاسلإا راثلآا ملست ملو ةلصتم دقاوم تعضُو لب ،ةمخفلا تاهيفوبلا دتمو "باتكلا بتك" مسارم ماقُت ثيح ،حارفأ ةعاق هبشي ام ىلإ ةعلقلاب سورعلا سبلام رييغتل "رايتسيف"ـك مدخُتسا عمالجا لخاد هسفن ماقلما نأ رطخلأا .همرح لخاد ةمعطلأا ينخستل زاغ بيبانأب ةينيدلاو ةيرثلأا هتميقو ناكلما ةيسدقب ةناهتسلاا مجح لزتخي دهشم يف ،اهتاقيدصو

5

ةيامحب ةصالخا ةيلحلماو ةيلودلا ينناوقلا طئالحا ضرع برضت ةريطخ ةقباس لب ،"ةرادإ ءوس" درجم لثتم لا عئاقولا هذه ةيحورلا اهتيزمر وأ اهخيراتل رابتعا يأ لاب تابسانم تاعاقك لماعُت ةسدقلما عقاولما تتاب فيك فشكتو ،ثارتلا ؟ملاعلا ثارت ىلع نتمؤي فرتلاو وهلل حراسم ىلإ ةسادقلاو ةلاصلا نكامأ ليوحتب حمس نم له :انه لاؤسلا ؟اهراركت ملاعلا يغبي ةبرتج يه هتيامح نم لدب يرصلما ثارتلل ةيراجتلا هترظنو يرصلما حشرلما ا ركف تاب لهو ةنيهر ثارتلا لعجي يذلا ركفلا ةفاقثلاو مولعلاو ةيبرتلا ةمظنم ـل اماع اريتركس رايتخا ىلع ينمئاقلا ةداسلا قدصي له

)ةروص قفرم( ؟ةيضارعتسا رهاظمو ةيراتج تاوزن

ةيثارتلا ةقطنلما كلت ةيمدقلا ةبيط يأ رصقلأا يف ةيروهملجا سيئر هرضح يذلا ربكلأا لافتحلااب ريكذتلا انه انتوفي لا

"ةيعانص" ةقطنم يلا لينلا فافض تلوح يتلاو .يلماعلا ثارتلا ةمئاق ىلع ۱۹۷۹ ماع اهجاردا تم يتلاو ملاعلا يف رهشلأا

ةقطنلما عم لماعتلاو براوقلا نم تارشعلا ةعانصو ةريبك ماجحأب تاخسنتسم بلاوق بصو ليثاتم ةماقإ :كلذ عباوت لكب

بكارلماو ةتقؤلما تايانبلا اياقبل نيزحو يلزه دهشم كلذ نع جتن .ةيثارت ةميق يأ جاردا مدعو لامهلإا ةمقب ةيثارتلا

.ةمخضتلما هتاذب لاا متهي لاو لوؤسم ريغ لوؤسلم يثبع دهشم .ةفلتخلما روكيدلا رصانعو ليثامتلاو

)روص قفرم( ةيثارت رزاجمو ينلع ءازهتسا …ثارتلا ةهجاوم يف ندلما ريوطت تلاآ ةدناسم •

يفف .ةيلودلا تامظنلما تاحاس ىلإ لصو لب ،بسحف عقاولا ضرأ ىلع ينطولا ثارتلاب يرصلما حشرلما ثبع رصتقي مل دودح ليدعت يف تلاارنلجا ةبغرو ةيخيراتلا ةرهاقلا فلم صخلأا ىلعو ،يلماعلا ثارتلا ةمئاق ـب ةينعلما ناجللا تاسلج مجاهي وهو يرصلما حشرلما نومعدي مهو ينيرصلما تلاارنلجا نم ددع رهظ دقف ،ةيومنت تاعورشم ذيفنت ةعاطتسلا ةقطنلما مكهت ىلإ روطت لب ،ةمظنلما تايصوت نم ةيرخسلا دنع رملأا فقوتي مل .ةيلحلما ةفاحصلا ينعأ مامأ ،ًانلع وكسنويلا يلثمم تطبترا لب ،ةيدرف نكت مل تافرصتلا هذه يلماعلا ثارتلا زكرم ىلع ينمئاقلا تلاط ةيرصنعلاو ةيعجرلاب تاماهتاو رشابم ،"ةيثارتلا رزاجلما" ـب مويلا فصوُي اميف اهرود قيثوت ىرج ةحضاو ءامسأب .مهتارارقل يمسرلا ءاطغلا حنم يذلا ،راثلآا ريزو عيقوتو ةلظم تتح اوكرتح مهعيمجو

)روص قفرم( ىربكلا ةفارَلأا - كيلاملما ةنابج ديدحتلابو ةيخيراتلا ةرهاقلا ةقطنم صالخاو يرصلما حشرلما عيقوتب ةيسايسلا ةدايقلا نم هيلع قيدصتلا تم ينارمع ططخم ذيفنت ىلاوتت ،رهشأ دادتما ىلع بابقلا نم ةعومجم مضت تناك يتلا ،ىربكلا ةفارلأا ةقطنم :ةيخيراتلا ةرهاقلا يف ةينارمعلا ةجسنلأا ردنأ نم دحاوب مئاوق نمض ةلجسم ةيكولمم ةبق ۱۸ ىلع ديزي ام ةلازإ ىرج ،ينارمعلا ثارتلا يف ءاربخ تاداهشلً اقفو .ةديرفلا ةيكولملما .۱۱۷ مقر يراضلحا قيسنتلا نوناقل عضخت تناك ةيرامعم زرطوٍ نابم بناج ىلإ ،ةيموقلا ةياملحا حشرلما نم يسسؤلما ؤطاوتلا نم طنم ىلإ ريشي لب ،بسحف ً"ايرادإً اريصقت" وأ ً"لاامهإ" هرابتعاب هفينصت نكيم لا ىرج ام اهيف ابم ،ةيلودلا تايقافتلااو ةيلحلما ينناوقلل اهتفلاخم مغر ،راهنلا حضو يف ةلازلإا تايلمع ريرتم ىرج ثيح ،يرصلما .۱۹۷۲ ماع ذنم رصم اهب تمزتلا يتلا يلماعلا ثارتلا ةيامح ةيقافتا

6

بيلغت اهيف متي ،يسايس عارص ةحاس ىلإ ثارتلا ةيامح فلم لوتح نع فشكت ةقطنلما ناكس تاداهشو ةيناديم ريراقت ام يه ،راثآ ءاربخ بسحب ،ةجيتنلا .ةبئاغ ةلءاسلما تايلآ لظت اميف ،ةنيدلما ةركاذ باسح ىلع ىربكلا عيراشلما تارابتعا اذه اهلمحي يتلا ةلاسرلاب لب ،ملاعم نم دقُف ام مجحب طقف سيل ،"ثيدلحا رصعلا يف ةيثارت ةرزجم ربكأ" هرابتعا نكيم .ةطلسلا Bulldozers ىلعً ايصع دعي مل ،ةيناسنلإاو ةيخيراتلا هتميق لكب ،ثارتلا نأ :ريمدتلا

)روص قفرم( نيرتاك تناس ريد ةقطنم يف ةلماعلا ةيحيسلما ةريدلأا مدقأ دحأك ،اًنرق ۱٥ نم رثكأ ذنم اًخماش نيرتاك تناس ريد فقي ،ءانيس بونج بلق يف يؤر مامأ هل عفشت مل ةيخيراتلاو ةيحورلا ةناكلما هذهّ نأ ريغ .وكسنويلل يلماعلا ثارتلا ةمئاق ىلع لّجسم عقومكو ،ملاعلا .ةيرصلما ةلودلا عم عازن بلق يف هعضوو لتقم يف هباصأ يذلاو يرصلما حشرلما هرابتعاب ةيسايسلا ةدايقلا ىلإ هعفرو ،"مظعلأا يلجتلا" مسا لمحي يرامثتسا عورشلم يرصلما حشرلما حرط ،ةيحان نم تفثكت ،ينلحا كلذ ذنمو .ةينيدلا ةحايسلاو ةيتحتلا ةينبلا ريوطت ربع ةقطنملل يداصتقلاا دودرلما ميظعتل ةحومط ةطخ رامثتسلاا اًعضاو ،هلمكأب عقولما لمش ىتح اًيجيردت عورشلما ذوفن دتميل ٍ،نابم نم هرواجي امو ريدلا ىلإ ةيناديلما تارايزلا ةرادإ نع ةلوؤسلما ،ةينانويلا ةيسكذوثرلأا ةسينكلاف تاضارتعا نود رتم مل ةيؤرلا هذه نكل .لامعلأا لودج سأر ىلع نم هديرتجو ةيخيراتلا ريدلا ةيكلم قاطن صيلقتل ةلواحبم لب ،ينارمع ريوطت درجبم قلعتي لا رملأا نأ ىرت يتلا ،ريدلا )روص قفرم( .يح ينيد زكرمك هرارمتسلا اًرشابم اًديدهت هربتعت ام وهو ،هب ةطيحلما يضارلأا نم ةعساو تاحاسم ةموكلحا عم مئاقلا يئاضقلا عازنلا كلذ ماما يدوجو ديدهت هجاوي يخيراتلا نيرتاك تناس ريد دوجو ،يرخا ةيحان نمو ددهي هيضارأ نم ريدلا ديرتج نأ ةسينكلا ىرت ثيح ،هب ةطيحلما يضارلأا نم ةعساو تاحاسم ةيكلبم قلعتي يذلاو ةيرصلما يلجتلا" عورشم لثم ىربكلا ةينارمعلا عيراشلما لظ يف ةصاخ ،يرثأ ملعم درجم ىلإ هلوحيو ،يح ينيد زكرمك هرارمتسا ةيرازولا هتبيقح تاونس ءانثا يرصلما حشرلما لبق نم هيلع قيدصتلا تم نا دعب ةقطنلما يف ةموكلحا هذفنت يتلا "مظعلأا هفصت امنيب ريدلا عضول ًاينوناق ًافيصوت عضي ً"ايخيراتً ازانجإ" مكلحا اذه نا ةيسايسلا ةدايقلل ردصو عازنلا فلم داق ثيح .ةيخيرات ةسكن"و "ةيحور ةثراك" هنأب ةينانويلا ةيسكذوثرلأا سئانكلا

باطلخا اذه ماتخ يفو

عقوم درجم سيل بصنلما اذه نأب مكرّكذن ،ةيناسنلإا ةركاذ نوصيو لايجلأا ةنامأ لمحيس نلم مكرايتخا بقرتن ذإ ،اننإف

مويلا مكتمظنم هجاتتح ام نإ .ءاعمج ةيرشبلاو خيراتلا مامأ ةيقلاخأ ةيلوؤسمو ةلاسر وه لب ،ةيلود ةهاجو وأ يلوكوتورب

،ةجالحا دنع رضحتسُتً ةنيز سيل يناسنلإا ثارتلا نأو ً،افرت تسيل ةفاقثلا نأو ،ةيهافر سيل ميلعتلا نأب نمؤت ةيصخش وه

.ًاملاسو ًلادع رثكأ ملاع وحن روبعلا رسجو ،كرتشلما اندوجو رهوج وه لب

لب ،بسحو ًايرادإ ًافيلكت سيل لثملأا دئاقلا رايتخا نأ مكنيعأ بصن اوعضتلو ،ينيلالما لامآ مجحب مكتارارق نكتلف

.ةيناسنلإا ريمض عم ٌدهع

!ةقيضلا تاباسلحا ةريسأ اهكرتي وأ ،ةيناسنلإا مساب ةيارلا عفري نأ امإ ،مويلا مكرايتخا

To the Esteemed Members Responsible for Selecting the Secretary-General of the Organization for Education, Science, and Culture

With greetings of respect and appreciation,

We (Egyptian Heritage Professionals) are all aware that the Organization for Education, Science, and Culture (UNESCO) was born out of the horrors of the Second World War in 1945, when humanity as a whole realized that destruction and devastation bring nothing but loss and suffering. That peace is not built by force or by arms, but through enlightened minds and hearts that believe in human dignity. The Charter of this Organization came to proclaim the abhorrence of wars and to make education, science, and culture bridges of communication among peoples, instead of borders being reasons for division and conflict.

We write to you today in light of what has been observed since 2016, the year in which the Egyptian candidate Khaled el-Anany assumed the portfolio of antiquities in a country the size of Egypt, one of the greatest civilizations of the ancient world.

We have all followed the acts of tampering and destruction that have afflicted the archaeological and heritage system in Egypt from that date until today. Here we recall that the Charter of the Organization is founded upon the safeguarding of humanity’s shared heritage and the protection of its creative achievements, which constitute a noble mission and a guiding light for generations—so that this great legacy may remain a witness to the unity of destiny, and a source of inspiration for youth regarding the necessity and duty of preserving civilization, while working to build a future marked by peace and mutual understanding.

We summarize our objections to this candidate in the following points:

1. The deliberate weakening of the administrative system for the protection and preservation of Egyptian heritage, to appoint individuals selected on the basis of loyalty rather than merit, individuals who would not obstruct the approval of requests that contravene established regulations and laws. This has even led to the demolition of a considerable number of monuments. His well-known statement, “Antiquities are nothing but a pile of old stones, and Egypt is full of antiquities—if we were to register them all, we would never finish!”, stands as the clearest testimony to his outlook and convictions.

2. Humanity will also not forget what he did to two of his academic colleagues in 2019, when he falsely accused two esteemed scholars of the highest academic standing—Dr. Mohamed Abdel Meguid and Dr. Khaled Mostafa Azzab—of collaborating with a foreign Arab entity against Egypt and of membership in a banned group. They were subsequently imprisoned (Case No. 558 of 2020), in flagrant violation of all ethical and professional norms. Those working in the fields of underwater archaeology and at the Library of Alexandria will never forget their imprisonment for a year and three months, nor the public plea of Dr. Khaled Mostafa Azzab’s daughter to the Prime Minister, in the hope of learning the whereabouts of her father’s detention—and whether he was even still alive after the brutality and humiliation he endured at the moment of his arrest.

3. Violation of Egypt’s national Antiquities Law (Law of 1983) since it entered into force, through repeated breaches of its principal provisions, including the amendment of the text relating to the delisting of a monument or heritage site. This amendment made such a decision subject solely to the signature of the Minister (the current

Egyptian candidate), which runs counter to all logic, particularly in countries with ancient civilizations.

Article 14 – Official Gazette, Issue 23 (bis A) – 11 June 2018: “It shall be permissible to remove the registration of an immovable antiquity, or part thereof, by decision of the Minister upon the recommendation of the Board of Directors and with the approval of the competent committee. The delisting decision shall be published in the Official Gazette.”

It is noteworthy that both the members of the Board of Directors and the members of the specialized committees are directly appointed by the Minister himself. For this reason, the local press gave him the title of “the Delisting Antiquities Minister.”

The establishment of precedents that disregarded the fundamental principles of archaeology, for example:

The relocation of antiquities from their original context

4. The obelisk of the Grand Egyptian Museum (relocated from the archaeological site of Tanis in the Delta)

In one of the most controversial incidents in the field of Egyptian antiquities, the Egyptian candidate committed a blatant violation of the rules of heritage preservation when he ordered the transfer of an ancient obelisk from its original site in Tanis in the Delta to the courtyard of the Grand Egyptian Museum.

The relocation—publicly promoted by the candidate as a national achievement—turned into an archaeological disaster when the obelisk was fractured during its lifting in the museum’s outer courtyard, in full view of the project director himself. What followed was even more serious than the breakage: photography was prohibited through intimidation, and sources reported that bribes were paid to workers in exchange for silence regarding the incident.

The matter did not end there. The obelisk was “restored” using cement, with bricks painted in a color similar to the stone inserted to conceal the cracks and fractures, in what specialized sources described as a “deliberate concealment of the truth.” Subsequently, the obelisk was fixed inside a hollow metallic basin to prevent it from falling again, a solution that may appear practical but strips the monument of its historical symbolism as a link between earth and sky.

This incident reveals the extent of the candidate’s transgressions, which run counter to the fundamental principles of archaeology, and raises grave questions regarding the absence of transparency and accountability in the management of one of the most vital files relating to the identity of history and the authenticity of heritage—namely, the protection of humanity’s eternal legacy from tampering and distortion.

5. The Karnak Temple Ram Statues (relocated from the Karnak archaeological site in Luxor)

The Egyptian candidate proposed the idea of transferring the ram statues of Karnak Temple— monuments that had stood proudly in their original sacred context for more than four millennia—in order to decorate Tahrir Square, presenting this to the political leadership as an

“innovative idea.” Indeed, the four statues were removed in a scene described by local residents as “disgraceful,” where they were loaded onto small trucks and concealed under white sheets to hide them from public view as they passed through the streets of the city (see attached photograph).

The irony becomes clearer when recalling a statement by Dr. Zahi Hawass in 2010, who vigorously defended the relocation of the statue of Ramses II from Ramses Square to the Grand Egyptian Museum, declaring: “We are protecting it from pollution, and its place is not in the square.” What occurred in 2019 stands in direct contradiction to that principle: the Karnak rams were taken from their sacred precinct and placed in one of Egypt’s busiest squares, transformed from venerable religious and symbolic monuments into mere urban decorations amidst the congestion of the city.

This contradiction raises deeply troubling questions: is the true objective the protection and preservation of antiquities, as is publicly claimed, or is there instead a tendency to instrumentalize them as tools of political embellishment, disregarding their historical and spiritual value?

6. The Tahrir Square Obelisk (relocated from the archaeological site of Tanis in the Delta)

The obelisk currently stands at the center of the square, having been relocated at the initiative of the Egyptian candidate, who presented the idea within the framework of a national project to the political leadership, persuading them that it would serve as a civilizational addition reflecting the grandeur of the past and emulating the great squares of the world.

What was not disclosed by those overseeing the project is that the urban model upon which this plan was based is not a contemporary innovation, but rather a European design dating back to the fifteenth century, inspired by Roman traditions of placing obelisks at the heart of cities.

In other words, what took place was not an authentic Egyptian vision that respected the context of antiquities and their symbolic meaning, but rather the recycling of an old European concept, presented as though it were a revival of national identity.

Thus, the obelisk, after thousands of years of standing majestically in its original environment, has been repurposed as a decorative element within an urban beautification project. This raises deeply unsettling questions: is Egyptian heritage regarded as a civilizational symbol whose sanctity must be preserved, or as a decorative instrument used to lend an appearance of “antiquity” to urban projects that carry neither the spirit of place nor its history?

7. The Two Obelisks of the City of Arts in the New Administrative Capital (relocated from the archaeological site of Tanis in the Delta)

The series of relocations of Egyptian obelisks from their original contexts did not stop there. Still, they extended to the City of Arts in the New Administrative Capital, when the Egyptian candidate presented the proposal to General Mohamed Amin, head of the Tahya Misr Fund. He persuaded him that the two obelisks would constitute “an added value to the site,” particularly in light of the scheduled visit of French President Emmanuel Macron and his Egyptian counterpart in January 2019.

This decision did not arise from an archaeological vision or a strategic approach to heritage preservation; instead, it was motivated by political and ceremonial considerations. Thus, the two ancient obelisks were transferred from Tanis in the Delta to the entrance of the city, stripping them of their authenticity and symbolism. Designed originally as religious and spiritual symbols intended to connect earth and sky, they were reduced instead to decorative instruments summoned for political occasions and protocol displays, in stark rupture with their original philosophy.

8. The establishment of precedents that disregarded the fundamental principles of conservation, for example:

In a scene that provoked condemnation from specialists and heritage experts, the Egyptian candidate oversaw restoration works on the statues at the façade of Luxor Temple in a manner that experts described as a “scandal.” He ordered the restoration of the front statues using cement in a crude and disturbing way, resulting in a disfigured appearance that stands in total contradiction to international standards and that distorts the aesthetic integrity of the archaeological site.

The issue extends beyond visual taste: the city has been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1979, which entails a strict obligation to respect the “outstanding universal value” that forms the basis for its inscription. Restorations of this kind not only violate the scientific principles of conservation but also jeopardize Luxor’s status on the World Heritage List as a whole. Nor was this incident isolated. The candidate proceeded with further non- compliant restoration projects at the temples of Western Thebes, where interventions were recorded that lacked scientific standards—reflecting a recurring pattern of irresponsible interference with Egyptian heritage, rather than its safeguarding for future generations.

The Egyptian candidate also issued administrative orders to the restorers of Saqqara—an area inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List—to intervene in the archaeological mission working at the excavations northwest of King Merenre’s pyramid in Saqqara, and to cut out five tombs from their original context. Indeed, the tombs were dismantled, with three transferred to the Grand Egyptian Museum, the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, and the Imhotep Museum at Saqqara.

It is well known that this constitutes a violation of the laws governing the protection of antiquities, in particular Article 7 of the Venice Charter regulating conservation and restoration of historic sites and monuments—the principal reference for the UNESCO World Heritage Convention of 1974, to which Egypt is a signatory. This article explicitly prohibits the dismantling and relocation of immovable heritage such as tombs and temples.

Thus, grave questions arise: who holds accountable those responsible for such practices? And have Egypt’s ancient temples become experimental grounds for cheap building materials, rather than eternal witnesses to the genius of civilization?

9. The precedent of hosting weddings, parties, and loud festivals within ancient houses of worship (see attached photographs)

In a transgression that deeply pains anyone conscious of the value of history and the sanctity of sacred places, the Egyptian candidate oversaw the transformation of venerable sites of worship into venues for dancing and noisy festivities. Circulating images document distressing

scenes of weddings and parties being held inside Pharaonic temples—spaces where the ancient Egyptians once gathered for prayer and sacred rituals—now resounding with oriental dancing and the blare of loudspeakers.

Nor were Islamic monuments spared from such practices. In the heart of Historic Cairo, the candidate authorized the conversion of the Mosque of Mohamed Ali at the Citadel into what resembled a banquet hall, where marriage ceremonies were conducted, lavish buffets laid out, and even stoves connected to gas cylinders were installed within its precincts to heat food. Most disturbingly, the shrine within the mosque itself was used as a vestiaire for the bride and her companions to change clothes—an incident that epitomizes the level of disregard shown for the sanctity and the cultural and religious value of the site.

Such incidents cannot be dismissed as mere “mismanagement.” They constitute a dangerous precedent that flouts both international and national laws governing heritage protection, exposing how sacred sites have come to be treated as event halls, with no consideration for their historical or spiritual significance.

The question must therefore be asked: can someone who has permitted the transformation of places of prayer and sanctity into venues of amusement and luxury be entrusted with the heritage of the world? Has the candidate’s commercialized outlook on Egyptian heritage— seeking to exploit rather than safeguard it—become a model the world wishes to emulate?

Do the esteemed members responsible for selecting the Secretary-General of the Organization for Education, Science, and Culture truly accept a vision that reduces heritage to the whims of commercial interests and superficial displays? (see attached photograph)

We cannot fail here to recall the major celebration attended by the President of the Republic of Egypt in Luxor—ancient Thebes, the world’s most renowned heritage site, inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1979. On that occasion, the Nile’s banks were transformed into an “artificial” spectacle, complete with the construction of statues and large-scale replicas, the fabrication of dozens of boats, and a general treatment of the heritage area with neglect, failing to incorporate any genuine heritage value. The result was a scene both farcical and tragic: remnants of temporary buildings, boats, statues, and various decorative elements left behind. An absurd spectacle, reflective of an official indifferent to responsibility and concerned only with self-promotion.

10. Endorsing urban development machinery at the expense of heritage—public mockery and heritage massacres (see attached photographs)

The Egyptian candidate’s interference with national heritage was not confined to actions on the ground; it also extended to international fora. During sessions of the committees concerned with the World Heritage List—particularly with respect to Historic Cairo and the military leadership’s wish to adjust the boundaries of the area to permit developmental projects— several Egyptian generals appeared in open support of the candidate as he publicly attacked UNESCO representatives, in full view of the local press. Matters did not stop at mocking the Organization’s recommendations, but escalated to direct derision and accusations of backwardness and racism against the officials of the World Heritage Centre. These actions were not isolated; they were associated with identifiable figures whose roles have been documented in what is now referred to as “heritage massacres.” All of this took place under

the auspices and official authorization of the Minister of Antiquities, who provided the formal cover for their decisions.

A. Historic Cairo, specifically the Mamluk Cemetery—Al-Arafa al-Kubra (see attached photographs)

Over the course of months, an urban development plan—approved by the political leadership with the signature of the Egyptian candidate—was implemented in one of the rarest urban fabrics of Historic Cairo: the area of Al-Arafa al-Kubra, which encompassed a unique collection of Mamluk domes. According to testimonies from urban heritage experts, more than eighteen Mamluk domes listed on national protection registers were demolished, along with other structures and architectural styles protected under the Urban Harmony Law No. 117.

What occurred cannot be classified merely as “negligence” or “administrative shortcoming.” Instead, it points to a pattern of institutional complicity on the part of the candidate, whereby demolitions were carried out in broad daylight despite their contravention of local laws and international conventions, including the World Heritage Convention of 1972, to which Egypt is a State Party.

Field reports and testimonies from local residents reveal that heritage protection has been transformed into a political battleground, where the interests of large-scale projects are given precedence over the memory of the city, while mechanisms of accountability remain absent. The result, according to archaeological experts, amounts to what may be considered “the greatest heritage massacre of the modern era”—not only in terms of the scale of what has been lost, but also in the message it conveys: that heritage, with all its historical and human value, is no longer beyond the reach of the bulldozers of power.

B. The Saint Catherine's Monastery Area (Photos Attached)

Located in the heart of southern Sinai, Saint Catherine's Monastery has stood for over fifteen centuries as one of the oldest continuously operating Christian monasteries in the world and is a designated UNESCO World Heritage site. However, its profound spiritual and historical status has not shielded it from the vision of a former Egyptian minister, which has critically impacted the monastery and placed it at the center of a dispute with the Egyptian state.

A significant investment project, termed "The Great Transfiguration," was initially proposed by the aforementioned minister and subsequently presented to the political leadership as an ambitious plan to maximize the region's economic potential through the development of infrastructure and the promotion of religious tourism. Following this, there has been a notable increase in site visits to the monastery and its adjacent structures. The project's scope has progressively expanded to encompass the entire site, prioritizing investment interests. This vision has been met with considerable opposition from the Greek Orthodox Church, the custodian of the monastery. The Church contends that the project transcends mere urban development, viewing it as an attempt to curtail the monastery's historical land ownership and expropriate significant portions of its surrounding territories. This is perceived as a direct threat to its continuity as a vibrant religious center. (Photos Attached)

Furthermore, the historical existence of Saint Catherine's Monastery faces an existential challenge stemming from an ongoing legal dispute with the Egyptian government concerning the ownership of extensive tracts of surrounding land. The Church maintains that divesting the

monastery of its lands jeopardizes its viability as a living spiritual institution, potentially reducing it to a mere archaeological monument. This concern is amplified by large-scale urban projects such as "The Great Transfiguration," which is being implemented by the government. The approval for this project was championed by the former minister during his tenure, who also led the legal dispute file. The resulting legal outcome was presented to the political leadership as a "historic achievement" that legally defines the monastery's status. In stark contrast, the Greek Orthodox Church describes this development as a "spiritual catastrophe" and a "historic setback."

Conclusion

In concluding these remarks,

As we anticipate your selection of the individual who will bear the sacred trust of future generations and safeguard the memory of humanity, we wish to underscore that this position is not merely a ceremonial post or a vehicle for international prestige. Rather, it is a mission and a profound moral responsibility before history and all humankind. What your esteemed organization requires at this juncture is a leader of conviction who fundamentally believes that education is not a luxury, culture is not an indulgence, and human heritage is not a mere ornament to be invoked at convenience. It is, in fact, the very essence of our collective existence and the bridge toward a more just and peaceful world.

May your deliberations culminate in a decision commensurate with the aspirations of millions, and may you bear in mind that the selection of the ideal leader is not simply an administrative procedure, but a covenant with the conscience of humanity.

The choice before you today will either raise the banner of humanity high or leave it captive to narrow interests.

The Destruction of the Cairo Cemetery

The Unplanned Development at St. Katherine’s

The Obelisk and four rams taken out of their original archaeological site to imitate European Squares

The wedding Halls at Mohamed Ali’s Mosque

The horribly restored statue in front of the Temple of Luxor.

The Weddings and Private parties on top of the 23rd-26th Dynasty Tombs

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ةفاقثلاو مولعلاو ةيبرتلا ةمظنم ـل ماع ريتركس رايتخا ىلع ينمئاقلا ةداسلا يلا

،مارتحلااو ريدقتلا ةيتح

تكردأ ينح ،۱۹٤٥ ماع ةيناثلا ةيلماعلا برلحا لاوهأ دعب تدلو دق ةفاقثلاو مولعلاو ةيبرتلا ةمظنم نا اعيمج فرعن لوقعلاب لب ،حلاسلاب لاو ةوقلاب ىنبُي لا ملاسلا نأو ،ةاناعلماو نادقفلا ىوس نابلجي لا رامدلاو بارلخا نأ ءاعمج ةيناسنلإا ملعلاو ةيبرتلا نم لعجيلو ،بورلحا تقم نلعيل ةمظنلما هذه قاثيم ءاج .ةيناسنلإا ةماركلاب ةنمؤلما بولقلاو ةرينتسلما .عارصلاو ةقرفلا يف ًاببس دودلحا نوكت نأ لدب ،بوعشلا ينب لصاوتلل ًاروسج ةفاقثلاو ماعلا وهو ۲۰۱٦ ماع ذنم ثبع يف هدصر تم ام لجا نم )يرصلما ثارتلاب ينلماعلا نم ةريبك ةعومجم( مويلا مكل بتكن .يمدقلا ملاعلا تاراضح ربكأ دحأ ،رصم مجحب ةلودل راثلاا ةبيقح ينانعلا دلاخ يرصلما حشرلما هيف يلوت يذلا قاثيم نا انه ركذتنو ،نلآا ىتح خيراتلا اذه ذنم بارخو ثبع نم رصم يف ةيثارتلاو ةيرثلاا ةموظنلما باصأ ام اعيمج عباتن ،لايجلاا هب يدتهت ساربنو ةيماسً ةلاسر ربتعت يتلا يناسنلإا اهعادبإ ةيامحو كرتشلما ةيرشبلا ثارت نوص ىلع مئاق ةمظنلما ،ةراضلحا ىلع ظافلحا بجاوو ةرورض بابشلا مهليً اردصمو ،ريصلما ةدحو ىلعً ادهاش ميظعلا ثرلإا اذه لظي ىتح .مهافتلاو ملاسلا هدوسيً لابقتسم ءانب ىلع صرلحاو

:ةيلاتلا طاقنلا يف حشرلما اذه ىلع انضارتعا زجوأ نل نيذللا ةقثلا يوذ ينيعت فدهب دمع نع يرصلما ثارتلا نوصو ةياملح ةيرادلإا ةموظنلما فاعضا •

ةريهشلا هتلوقم لعلو راثلآا نم ريبك ددع مدهو لب ينناوقلو حئاولل ةقباطلما ريغ تابلطلا ىلع قيدصتلا اوقيعي

هجهنم ىلع يليلد ريلخ )!صلخنح شم اهلك اهتلجسول ..راثآ اهلك رصمو يمدق بوط ةيوش لاا يهام راثلآا

.هتاعانقو

ينلصالحا ناتميقلا ناتاه اروز مهتا ثيح ۲۰۱۹ ماع ينييمداكلأا هئلامز نم يننثا عم هلعف ام ةيناسنلإا هل رفغت نلو

دض ةيبرع ةهج عم رباختلاب بزع يفطصم دلاخ .د و ديجلما دبع دمحم .د امهو ةيملعلا تاجردلا عفرا يلع

فارعلأا لك دض )۲۰۲۰ ةنسل ٥٥۸ مقر ةيضق( نوجسلا يف امهب جزو ةروظحم ةعاملج مامضنلااو رصم

ماع ةدلم امهنجس ،ةيردنكسلإا ةبتكم ينفظومو ةقراغلا راثلآا لاجم يف ينلماعلا يسني نلو .ةيقلاخلأاو ةبجاولا

لهو ؟اهدلاو نجس ناكم هفرعم يف لاما ءارزولا سيئرل بزع يفطصم دلاخ روتكدلا ةنبا ةدشانمو روهش ثلاثو

؟هيلع ضبقلا ةظلح ةيشحوب هتناهاو هئاذيا دعب ةايلحا ديق ىلع لازام وه

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،هدونب مظعم يف كلذو ذيفنتلا زيح هلوخد ذنم )۱۹۸۳ نوناق( رصم ةلودل يلحلما راثلآا نوناق قارتخا •

)ايلاح يرصلما حشرلما( ريزولا عيقوتب رارقلا اذه لعجو يثارتلا عقولما/رثلأا بحس رارقب صالخا تنلما رييغتو لب .ةيمدقلا تاراضلحا تاذ لودلا يف ةصاخ قطنم يلا يفانم ءيش وهو طقف

۲۰۱۸ وينوي ۱۱ – ا رركم ۲۳ ددعلا ةيمسرلا ةديرلجا – ۱٤ ةدام

ةنجللا ةقفاوم دعبو ةرادلإا سلجم حارتقا ىلع ءانب ريزولا نم رارقب هنم ءزج وا يراقعلا رثلأا ليجست بطش زوجي

.ةيمسرلا ةديرلجا يف بطشلا رارق رشنيو .ةصتخلما

ريزولا نم رشابم ينيعت نم مه ةصصختلما ناجللا كلذكو ةرادلإا سلجم ءاضعأ نا ركذلاب ريدج

."راثلآا بطش ريزو" بقل هيلع ةيلحلما ةفاحصلا تقلطأ دقف اذل

:لاثلما ليبس ىلع ،راثلآا ملع تباوث طئالحا ضرعب تبرض قباوس ةماقإ •

:يلصلأا اهنطوم نم راثلآا لقن ىلع مادقلإا

)اتلدلاب يرثلاا سينات عقوم نم ةلوقنم( ريبكلا يرصلما فحتلما ةلسم

ىلع ظافلحا دعاوقل خراص كاهتناب يرصلما حشرلما ماق ،ةيرصلما راثلآا لاجم يف لدجلل ةراثإ عئاقولا رثكأ نم ةدحاو يف ريبكلا يرصلما فحتلما ةحاس ىلإ اتلّدلاب سينات يف يلصلأا اهعقوم نم ةيرثأ ةلسم لقنب ماق امدنع ثارتلا ءانفلا يف اهعفر ءانثأ ةلسلما تمشهت امدعب ةيرثأ ةثراك ىلإ تلوتح ينطو زانجإك يرصلما حشرلما اهل جّوُر يتلا لقنلا ةيلمع عنُم ذإ :هسفن رسكلا نم رطخأ ناك ةثدالحا لات ام نأ ريغ ،هسفنب عورشلما ريدم هدهاش دهشم يف ،فحتملل يجرالخا ىرج لب ،كلذ دنع رملأا فقي مل .ةعقاولا ىلع متكتلل لامعلل تعفد يواشر نع رداصم تثدتحو ،بيهرتلاب ريوصتلا

اهتفصو ةيلمع يف ،روسكلاو خورشلا ءافخلإ رجحلل هباشم نولب هؤلاط ىرج بوط لاخدإو تنمسلأاب ةلسلما ”ميمرت“ اهطوقس يفلاتل غرفم يندعم ضوح لخاد ةلسلما تيبثت ىرج مث ."ةقيقحلل دمعتم سمط" اهنأب ةصصختم رداصم .ءامسلاو ضرلأا ينب لصولا ةزمه اهفصوب ةيخيراتلا اهتيزمر نم ةلسلما غرفي هنكل ً،ايرهاظ يلمع لح وهو ً،اددجم . حرطتو ،طئالحا ضرعب راثلآا ملع تباوث برضت يتلاو يرصلما حشرلما اهب ماق يتلا تازواجتلا مجح فشكت ةعقاولا هذه دلالخا اهثارت ةيامح :.رثلأا ةلاصاو خيراتلا ةيوه تافلم مهأ نم فلم ةرادإ يف ةلءاسلماو ةيفافشلا بايغ لوح ةريطخ ةلئسأ .هيوشتلاو ثبعلا نم )رصقلااب يرثلاا كنركلا عقوم نم ةلوقنم( كنركلا دبعم شابك فلاآ ةعبرأ نم رثكلأ يلصلأا اهعضوم يف ةخماش تفقو يتلا و كنركلا دبعم شابك لقن ةركف يمدقتب يرصلما حشرلما ماق يلاهلأا هفصو دهشم يف شابك عبرلأا عازتنا تم لعفلابو "ةيراكتبا ةركف"ك يسايسلا ةدايقلا ماما ريرحتلا ناديم ينيزتل ماع )ةروص قفرم( سانلا ينعأ نع اهبجلح ءاضيب تايلام تتح تيفخُأو ،لقن فصن تارايس ىلع تلِّمُح ثيح ،"يزخلما"ـب

3

ةوارضب عفاد يذلا ،۲۰۱۰ ماع ساوح يهاز روتكدلل يمدق حيرصت ءاعدتسا دنع اهسفن فشكت ةقرافلما ةنيدلما عراوش يف يف سيل هناكمو ،ثولتلا نم هيمحن نحن" ً:لائاق ريبكلا فحتلما ىلإ سيسمر ناديم نم يناثلا سيسمر لاثتم لقن نع ربكأ نم دحاو ىلإ سدقلما اهمرح نم كنركلا شابك تلقُن ذإ ؛ًاماتم أدبلما اذه ضقاني ۲۰۱۹ ماع ثدح ام نكل ."ناديلما حرطي ضقانتلا اذه .ماحزلا بلق يف ةيرضح تاروكيد درجم ىلإ ةقيرع ةيزمرو ةينيد ملاعم نم لوحتتل ،رصم نيدايم ليمجتلل تاودأ ىلإ اهليوحتلً اهجوت كانه نأ مأ ،نلعُي امك اهنوصو راثلآا ةيامح ًاقح فدهلا له :ةجرحم تلاؤاست ؟ةيحورلاو ةيخيراتلا اهتميقل رابتعا لاب يسايسلا )اتلدلاب يرثلاا سينات عقوم نم ةلوقنم( ريرحتلا ناديم ةلسم يسايسلا ةدايقلا يلا يموق عورشم راطإ يف اهلقن ةركف يمدقتب يرصلما حشرلما ماق ثيح ،ايلاح ناديلما طسوتت ىلع نومئاقلا هنع حصفُي مل ام نكل .ىربكلا ملاعلا نيدايم يكاتحو يضالما ةمظع سكعت ةيراضح ةفاضإ اهنأ هعنقاو سمالخا نرقلا ىلإ عجري يمدق يبوروأ طيطخت لب ً،ارصاعمً اراكتبا سيل هيلإ دنُتسا يذلا ينارمعلا جذومنلا اذه نأ عورشلما ندلما بلق يف تلاسلما عضو ىلع مئاقلا ينامورلا عباطلا نم نيدايلما هيف تيحوُتسا ،رشع ةيبوروأ ةركفل ريودت ةداعإ لب ،ةيزمرلا اهتلالاد وأ راثلآا قايس مرتتح ةليصأ ةيرصم ةيؤر نكي مل ىرج ام ،ىرخأ تاملكب ةينطولا ةيوهلل ءايحإ اهنأ ىلع اهريرتم ىرج ةيمدق عورشم يف روكيد ةعطقك اهفيظوت ديعُأ دقو ،ةيلصلأا اهتئيب يف اهخومش نم يننسلا فلاآ دعب ،اهسفن ةلسلما دتج اذكه ،هتيسدق ىلع ظافلحا بجي يراضح زمرك يرصلما ثارتلا ىلإ رظنُي له :ةمداص تلاؤاست ريثي دهشم يف ،ةنيدملل يليمتج ؟هخيرات لاو ناكلما حور لمتح لا ةينارمع عيراشم ىلع "ةقارعلا" نم ةسلم ءافضلإ مدختست ةيليمتج ةادأك مأ

)اتلدلاب يرثلاا سينات عقوم نم ةلوقنم( ةيرادلإا ةمصاعلاب نونفلا ةنيدم ناتلسم

ةديدلجا ةيرادلإا ةمصاعلاب نونفلا ةنيدم ىلإ تدتما لب ،ةيلصلأا اهعضاوم نع ةيرصلما تلاسلما لقن ةلسلس فقوتت مل

ينتلسلما نأب هعنقأو ."رصم ايتح قودنص" نع لوؤسلما ،ينمأ دمحم لارنلجا ً ىلع ضرعلاب يرصلما حشرلما ماق ينح ةدنجأ ىلع يرصلما هريظنو نوركام ليونايمإ يسنرفلا سيئرلا ةرايز جاردإ عم ةصاخ ،"ناكملل ةفاضم ةميق" نانوكتس ۲۰۱۹رياني يف ةسائرلا ءاج لب ،ثارتلا ىلع ظافحلل ةيجيتارتسا وأ ةيرثأ ةيؤر نم اعبان نكي مل رارقلا يف تممُص يتلا يهو اهتيزمرو اهتلاصا اذكه لاتغاو ،ةنيدلما لخدم يلا اتلدلاب سينات نم ناتيرثلأا ناتلسلما لقن تم اذهب ةيسايس تابسانم يف ىعدتسُت ةيليمتج تاودأ درجم تسيلو ،ءامسلاو ضرلأا ينب لصت ةيحورو ةينيد ًازومر نوكتل لصلأا .ةيلصلأا اهتفسلف عم ةخراص ةعيطق يف ،ةيلوكوتورب لئاسرو

:لاثلما ليبس ىلع ـ ميمرتلا ملع تباوث طئالحا ضرعب تبرض قباوس ةماقإ •

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يلع ةمئاقلا ليثامتلل ميمرت لامعأ ذيفنتب يرصلما حشرلما ماق ،ثارتلاب ينمتهلماو ينصصختلما راكنتسا راثأ دهشم يف لكشب تنمسلأا مادختساب ةيماملأا ليثامتلا ميمرتب رمأ دقف ." ةحيضف" هنأب ءاربخ هفصو وحن ىلع رصقلأا دبعم ةهجاو يرثلأا عقولما ةيلامج هّوشيو ةيلودلا ريياعلما عم ًايلك ضقانتي حيبق دهشم نع رفسأ ام ،عورمو جف ام وهو ،۱۹۷۹ ماع ذنم وكسنويلل يلماعلا ثارتلا ةمئاق ىلع ةلجسم ةنيدلماف ،يرصبلا قوذلا دودح دنع فقي لا رملأا تاميمرتلا .فينصتلا اذه ىلع ظافحللً ايساسأً اطرش دعُت يتلا "ةيئانثتسلاا ةيلماعلا ةميقلا" مارتحاب ًامراص ًامازتلا ضرفي اهتمرب يلماعلا ثارتلا ةمئاق ىلع رصقلأا ةناكم ددهت لب ،ميمرتلا ملع ينناوق طقف كهتنت لا ةقيرطلا هذهب ةيرالجا ثيح ،ةيبرغلا ةبيط دباعم ىلإ ةقباطلما ريغ ميمرتلا عيراشم لامكتساب يرصلما حشرلما ماق ،ةلوزعم ةعقاولا هذه نكت ملو هنوص نمً لادب ،يرصلما ثارتلاب لوؤسلما ريغ ثبعلا نم ًارركتم ًاطنم سكعي امم ،ةيملعلا ريياعلما ىلإ رقتفت تلاخدت تلجُس ةمداقلا لايجلأل لماعتلل كلذو وكسنويلا ةمئاق ىلع يلماع ثارتك ةلجسلما ةراقس ةقطنم ينممرلم ةيرادلإا هرماوأ ءاطعإب يرصلما حشرلما ماق مهنطوم نم مهعزنو رباقم سمخ ددع عيطقتو ،ةراقسب "عرنرم" كللما مره برغ لامش رئافح يف ةلماعلا ةيرثلأا ةثعبلا عم .يلصلأا .ةراقسب بتحيمإ فحتم كلذكو ةراضلحا فحتمو ريبكلا يرصلما فحتلما ىلإ اهنم ثلاث لقنو رباقلما عيطقت تم ،لعفلابو ميمرتلا لامعلأ مظنلما ةيقدنبلا قاثيم نم عباسلا دنبلا ةصاخو راثلآا ةيامح ينناوقل اقرخ دعي كلذ نا دحأ ىلع ىفخيلاو ماع رداصلا وكسنويلاب يلماعلا ثارتلا ةقيثول يسيئرلاو يساسلاا عجرلما دعي يذلاو ةيرثلأا ينابلماو عقاولما ىلع ظافلحاو

.دباعلماو رباقلما لثم اهناكم نم ةتباث راثأ عيطقتو لقن عنتم يتلاو رصم اهيلع تعقو يتلاو ۱۹۷٤ داولم براتج لقح ةقيرعلا رصم دباعم تتاب لهو ؟تاسراملما هذه ىلع ينمئاقلا بساحي نم :ةريطخ ةلئسأ حرطُت اذكه ؟ةراضلحا ةيرقبع ىلع ًادلاخ ًادهاش نوكت نأ نمً لادب ،ةصيخر ءانب

)روص قفرم( ةيمدقلا ةدابعلا ةريدا رقع يف ةبخاصلا تاناجرهلماو حارفلااو تلافلحا ةقباس ةماقإ •

ةقيرع ةدابع عقاوم ليوحتب يرصلما حشرلما ماق ،نكاملأا ةيسدقو خيراتلا ةميقب ٍعاو ناسنإ لك ىدل ةصغلا ريثي قارتخا يف دباعلما لخاد حارفأو تلافح ماقُت ثيح ،ةنزحم دهاشم قثوت ةلوادتم روص .ةبخاصلا تاناجرهلماو صقرلل تاحاس ىلإ يقرشلا صقرلاب جضت مويلا اهب اذإف ،ةينيدلا سوقطلاو ةلاصلل ءامدقلا نويرصلما اهيف عمتجا يتلا تاحاسلا يف ،ةينوعرفلا توصلا تاربكم ءاضوضو

يلع دمحم عماج ليوحتب يرصلما حشرلما ماق ،ةيخيراتلا ةرهاقلا بلق يفف ؛ثبعلا اذه نم ةيملاسلإا راثلآا ملست ملو ةلصتم دقاوم تعضُو لب ،ةمخفلا تاهيفوبلا دتمو "باتكلا بتك" مسارم ماقُت ثيح ،حارفأ ةعاق هبشي ام ىلإ ةعلقلاب سورعلا سبلام رييغتل "رايتسيف"ـك مدخُتسا عمالجا لخاد هسفن ماقلما نأ رطخلأا .همرح لخاد ةمعطلأا ينخستل زاغ بيبانأب ةينيدلاو ةيرثلأا هتميقو ناكلما ةيسدقب ةناهتسلاا مجح لزتخي دهشم يف ،اهتاقيدصو

5

ةيامحب ةصالخا ةيلحلماو ةيلودلا ينناوقلا طئالحا ضرع برضت ةريطخ ةقباس لب ،"ةرادإ ءوس" درجم لثتم لا عئاقولا هذه ةيحورلا اهتيزمر وأ اهخيراتل رابتعا يأ لاب تابسانم تاعاقك لماعُت ةسدقلما عقاولما تتاب فيك فشكتو ،ثارتلا ؟ملاعلا ثارت ىلع نتمؤي فرتلاو وهلل حراسم ىلإ ةسادقلاو ةلاصلا نكامأ ليوحتب حمس نم له :انه لاؤسلا ؟اهراركت ملاعلا يغبي ةبرتج يه هتيامح نم لدب يرصلما ثارتلل ةيراجتلا هترظنو يرصلما حشرلما ا ركف تاب لهو ةنيهر ثارتلا لعجي يذلا ركفلا ةفاقثلاو مولعلاو ةيبرتلا ةمظنم ـل اماع اريتركس رايتخا ىلع ينمئاقلا ةداسلا قدصي له

)ةروص قفرم( ؟ةيضارعتسا رهاظمو ةيراتج تاوزن

ةيثارتلا ةقطنلما كلت ةيمدقلا ةبيط يأ رصقلأا يف ةيروهملجا سيئر هرضح يذلا ربكلأا لافتحلااب ريكذتلا انه انتوفي لا

"ةيعانص" ةقطنم يلا لينلا فافض تلوح يتلاو .يلماعلا ثارتلا ةمئاق ىلع ۱۹۷۹ ماع اهجاردا تم يتلاو ملاعلا يف رهشلأا

ةقطنلما عم لماعتلاو براوقلا نم تارشعلا ةعانصو ةريبك ماجحأب تاخسنتسم بلاوق بصو ليثاتم ةماقإ :كلذ عباوت لكب

بكارلماو ةتقؤلما تايانبلا اياقبل نيزحو يلزه دهشم كلذ نع جتن .ةيثارت ةميق يأ جاردا مدعو لامهلإا ةمقب ةيثارتلا

.ةمخضتلما هتاذب لاا متهي لاو لوؤسم ريغ لوؤسلم يثبع دهشم .ةفلتخلما روكيدلا رصانعو ليثامتلاو

)روص قفرم( ةيثارت رزاجمو ينلع ءازهتسا …ثارتلا ةهجاوم يف ندلما ريوطت تلاآ ةدناسم •

يفف .ةيلودلا تامظنلما تاحاس ىلإ لصو لب ،بسحف عقاولا ضرأ ىلع ينطولا ثارتلاب يرصلما حشرلما ثبع رصتقي مل دودح ليدعت يف تلاارنلجا ةبغرو ةيخيراتلا ةرهاقلا فلم صخلأا ىلعو ،يلماعلا ثارتلا ةمئاق ـب ةينعلما ناجللا تاسلج مجاهي وهو يرصلما حشرلما نومعدي مهو ينيرصلما تلاارنلجا نم ددع رهظ دقف ،ةيومنت تاعورشم ذيفنت ةعاطتسلا ةقطنلما مكهت ىلإ روطت لب ،ةمظنلما تايصوت نم ةيرخسلا دنع رملأا فقوتي مل .ةيلحلما ةفاحصلا ينعأ مامأ ،ًانلع وكسنويلا يلثمم تطبترا لب ،ةيدرف نكت مل تافرصتلا هذه يلماعلا ثارتلا زكرم ىلع ينمئاقلا تلاط ةيرصنعلاو ةيعجرلاب تاماهتاو رشابم ،"ةيثارتلا رزاجلما" ـب مويلا فصوُي اميف اهرود قيثوت ىرج ةحضاو ءامسأب .مهتارارقل يمسرلا ءاطغلا حنم يذلا ،راثلآا ريزو عيقوتو ةلظم تتح اوكرتح مهعيمجو

)روص قفرم( ىربكلا ةفارَلأا - كيلاملما ةنابج ديدحتلابو ةيخيراتلا ةرهاقلا ةقطنم صالخاو يرصلما حشرلما عيقوتب ةيسايسلا ةدايقلا نم هيلع قيدصتلا تم ينارمع ططخم ذيفنت ىلاوتت ،رهشأ دادتما ىلع بابقلا نم ةعومجم مضت تناك يتلا ،ىربكلا ةفارلأا ةقطنم :ةيخيراتلا ةرهاقلا يف ةينارمعلا ةجسنلأا ردنأ نم دحاوب مئاوق نمض ةلجسم ةيكولمم ةبق ۱۸ ىلع ديزي ام ةلازإ ىرج ،ينارمعلا ثارتلا يف ءاربخ تاداهشلً اقفو .ةديرفلا ةيكولملما .۱۱۷ مقر يراضلحا قيسنتلا نوناقل عضخت تناك ةيرامعم زرطوٍ نابم بناج ىلإ ،ةيموقلا ةياملحا حشرلما نم يسسؤلما ؤطاوتلا نم طنم ىلإ ريشي لب ،بسحف ً"ايرادإً اريصقت" وأ ً"لاامهإ" هرابتعاب هفينصت نكيم لا ىرج ام اهيف ابم ،ةيلودلا تايقافتلااو ةيلحلما ينناوقلل اهتفلاخم مغر ،راهنلا حضو يف ةلازلإا تايلمع ريرتم ىرج ثيح ،يرصلما .۱۹۷۲ ماع ذنم رصم اهب تمزتلا يتلا يلماعلا ثارتلا ةيامح ةيقافتا

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بيلغت اهيف متي ،يسايس عارص ةحاس ىلإ ثارتلا ةيامح فلم لوتح نع فشكت ةقطنلما ناكس تاداهشو ةيناديم ريراقت ام يه ،راثآ ءاربخ بسحب ،ةجيتنلا .ةبئاغ ةلءاسلما تايلآ لظت اميف ،ةنيدلما ةركاذ باسح ىلع ىربكلا عيراشلما تارابتعا اذه اهلمحي يتلا ةلاسرلاب لب ،ملاعم نم دقُف ام مجحب طقف سيل ،"ثيدلحا رصعلا يف ةيثارت ةرزجم ربكأ" هرابتعا نكيم .ةطلسلا Bulldozers ىلعً ايصع دعي مل ،ةيناسنلإاو ةيخيراتلا هتميق لكب ،ثارتلا نأ :ريمدتلا

)روص قفرم( نيرتاك تناس ريد ةقطنم يف ةلماعلا ةيحيسلما ةريدلأا مدقأ دحأك ،اًنرق ۱٥ نم رثكأ ذنم اًخماش نيرتاك تناس ريد فقي ،ءانيس بونج بلق يف يؤر مامأ هل عفشت مل ةيخيراتلاو ةيحورلا ةناكلما هذهّ نأ ريغ .وكسنويلل يلماعلا ثارتلا ةمئاق ىلع لّجسم عقومكو ،ملاعلا .ةيرصلما ةلودلا عم عازن بلق يف هعضوو لتقم يف هباصأ يذلاو يرصلما حشرلما هرابتعاب ةيسايسلا ةدايقلا ىلإ هعفرو ،"مظعلأا يلجتلا" مسا لمحي يرامثتسا عورشلم يرصلما حشرلما حرط ،ةيحان نم تفثكت ،ينلحا كلذ ذنمو .ةينيدلا ةحايسلاو ةيتحتلا ةينبلا ريوطت ربع ةقطنملل يداصتقلاا دودرلما ميظعتل ةحومط ةطخ رامثتسلاا اًعضاو ،هلمكأب عقولما لمش ىتح اًيجيردت عورشلما ذوفن دتميل ٍ،نابم نم هرواجي امو ريدلا ىلإ ةيناديلما تارايزلا ةرادإ نع ةلوؤسلما ،ةينانويلا ةيسكذوثرلأا ةسينكلاف تاضارتعا نود رتم مل ةيؤرلا هذه نكل .لامعلأا لودج سأر ىلع نم هديرتجو ةيخيراتلا ريدلا ةيكلم قاطن صيلقتل ةلواحبم لب ،ينارمع ريوطت درجبم قلعتي لا رملأا نأ ىرت يتلا ،ريدلا )روص قفرم( .يح ينيد زكرمك هرارمتسلا اًرشابم اًديدهت هربتعت ام وهو ،هب ةطيحلما يضارلأا نم ةعساو تاحاسم ةموكلحا عم مئاقلا يئاضقلا عازنلا كلذ ماما يدوجو ديدهت هجاوي يخيراتلا نيرتاك تناس ريد دوجو ،يرخا ةيحان نمو ددهي هيضارأ نم ريدلا ديرتج نأ ةسينكلا ىرت ثيح ،هب ةطيحلما يضارلأا نم ةعساو تاحاسم ةيكلبم قلعتي يذلاو ةيرصلما يلجتلا" عورشم لثم ىربكلا ةينارمعلا عيراشلما لظ يف ةصاخ ،يرثأ ملعم درجم ىلإ هلوحيو ،يح ينيد زكرمك هرارمتسا ةيرازولا هتبيقح تاونس ءانثا يرصلما حشرلما لبق نم هيلع قيدصتلا تم نا دعب ةقطنلما يف ةموكلحا هذفنت يتلا "مظعلأا هفصت امنيب ريدلا عضول ًاينوناق ًافيصوت عضي ً"ايخيراتً ازانجإ" مكلحا اذه نا ةيسايسلا ةدايقلل ردصو عازنلا فلم داق ثيح .ةيخيرات ةسكن"و "ةيحور ةثراك" هنأب ةينانويلا ةيسكذوثرلأا سئانكلا

باطلخا اذه ماتخ يفو

عقوم درجم سيل بصنلما اذه نأب مكرّكذن ،ةيناسنلإا ةركاذ نوصيو لايجلأا ةنامأ لمحيس نلم مكرايتخا بقرتن ذإ ،اننإف

مويلا مكتمظنم هجاتتح ام نإ .ءاعمج ةيرشبلاو خيراتلا مامأ ةيقلاخأ ةيلوؤسمو ةلاسر وه لب ،ةيلود ةهاجو وأ يلوكوتورب

،ةجالحا دنع رضحتسُتً ةنيز سيل يناسنلإا ثارتلا نأو ً،افرت تسيل ةفاقثلا نأو ،ةيهافر سيل ميلعتلا نأب نمؤت ةيصخش وه

.ًاملاسو ًلادع رثكأ ملاع وحن روبعلا رسجو ،كرتشلما اندوجو رهوج وه لب

لب ،بسحو ًايرادإ ًافيلكت سيل لثملأا دئاقلا رايتخا نأ مكنيعأ بصن اوعضتلو ،ينيلالما لامآ مجحب مكتارارق نكتلف

.ةيناسنلإا ريمض عم ٌدهع

!ةقيضلا تاباسلحا ةريسأ اهكرتي وأ ،ةيناسنلإا مساب ةيارلا عفري نأ امإ ،مويلا مكرايتخا

To the Esteemed Members Responsible for Selecting the Secretary-General of the Organization for Education, Science, and Culture

With greetings of respect and appreciation,

We (Egyptian Heritage Professionals) are all aware that the Organization for Education, Science, and Culture (UNESCO) was born out of the horrors of the Second World War in 1945, when humanity as a whole realized that destruction and devastation bring nothing but loss and suffering. That peace is not built by force or by arms, but through enlightened minds and hearts that believe in human dignity. The Charter of this Organization came to proclaim the abhorrence of wars and to make education, science, and culture bridges of communication among peoples, instead of borders being reasons for division and conflict.

We write to you today in light of what has been observed since 2016, the year in which the Egyptian candidate Khaled el-Anany assumed the portfolio of antiquities in a country the size of Egypt, one of the greatest civilizations of the ancient world.

We have all followed the acts of tampering and destruction that have afflicted the archaeological and heritage system in Egypt from that date until today. Here we recall that the Charter of the Organization is founded upon the safeguarding of humanity’s shared heritage and the protection of its creative achievements, which constitute a noble mission and a guiding light for generations—so that this great legacy may remain a witness to the unity of destiny, and a source of inspiration for youth regarding the necessity and duty of preserving civilization, while working to build a future marked by peace and mutual understanding.

We summarize our objections to this candidate in the following points:

1. The deliberate weakening of the administrative system for the protection and preservation of Egyptian heritage, to appoint individuals selected on the basis of loyalty rather than merit, individuals who would not obstruct the approval of requests that contravene established regulations and laws. This has even led to the demolition of a considerable number of monuments. His well-known statement, “Antiquities are nothing but a pile of old stones, and Egypt is full of antiquities—if we were to register them all, we would never finish!”, stands as the clearest testimony to his outlook and convictions.

2. Humanity will also not forget what he did to two of his academic colleagues in 2019, when he falsely accused two esteemed scholars of the highest academic standing—Dr. Mohamed Abdel Meguid and Dr. Khaled Mostafa Azzab—of collaborating with a foreign Arab entity against Egypt and of membership in a banned group. They were subsequently imprisoned (Case No. 558 of 2020), in flagrant violation of all ethical and professional norms. Those working in the fields of underwater archaeology and at the Library of Alexandria will never forget their imprisonment for a year and three months, nor the public plea of Dr. Khaled Mostafa Azzab’s daughter to the Prime Minister, in the hope of learning the whereabouts of her father’s detention—and whether he was even still alive after the brutality and humiliation he endured at the moment of his arrest.

3. Violation of Egypt’s national Antiquities Law (Law of 1983) since it entered into force, through repeated breaches of its principal provisions, including the amendment of the text relating to the delisting of a monument or heritage site. This amendment made such a decision subject solely to the signature of the Minister (the current

Egyptian candidate), which runs counter to all logic, particularly in countries with ancient civilizations.

Article 14 – Official Gazette, Issue 23 (bis A) – 11 June 2018: “It shall be permissible to remove the registration of an immovable antiquity, or part thereof, by decision of the Minister upon the recommendation of the Board of Directors and with the approval of the competent committee. The delisting decision shall be published in the Official Gazette.”

It is noteworthy that both the members of the Board of Directors and the members of the specialized committees are directly appointed by the Minister himself. For this reason, the local press gave him the title of “the Delisting Antiquities Minister.”

The establishment of precedents that disregarded the fundamental principles of archaeology, for example:

The relocation of antiquities from their original context

4. The obelisk of the Grand Egyptian Museum (relocated from the archaeological site of Tanis in the Delta)

In one of the most controversial incidents in the field of Egyptian antiquities, the Egyptian candidate committed a blatant violation of the rules of heritage preservation when he ordered the transfer of an ancient obelisk from its original site in Tanis in the Delta to the courtyard of the Grand Egyptian Museum.

The relocation—publicly promoted by the candidate as a national achievement—turned into an archaeological disaster when the obelisk was fractured during its lifting in the museum’s outer courtyard, in full view of the project director himself. What followed was even more serious than the breakage: photography was prohibited through intimidation, and sources reported that bribes were paid to workers in exchange for silence regarding the incident.

The matter did not end there. The obelisk was “restored” using cement, with bricks painted in a color similar to the stone inserted to conceal the cracks and fractures, in what specialized sources described as a “deliberate concealment of the truth.” Subsequently, the obelisk was fixed inside a hollow metallic basin to prevent it from falling again, a solution that may appear practical but strips the monument of its historical symbolism as a link between earth and sky.

This incident reveals the extent of the candidate’s transgressions, which run counter to the fundamental principles of archaeology, and raises grave questions regarding the absence of transparency and accountability in the management of one of the most vital files relating to the identity of history and the authenticity of heritage—namely, the protection of humanity’s eternal legacy from tampering and distortion.

5. The Karnak Temple Ram Statues (relocated from the Karnak archaeological site in Luxor)

The Egyptian candidate proposed the idea of transferring the ram statues of Karnak Temple— monuments that had stood proudly in their original sacred context for more than four millennia—in order to decorate Tahrir Square, presenting this to the political leadership as an

“innovative idea.” Indeed, the four statues were removed in a scene described by local residents as “disgraceful,” where they were loaded onto small trucks and concealed under white sheets to hide them from public view as they passed through the streets of the city (see attached photograph).

The irony becomes clearer when recalling a statement by Dr. Zahi Hawass in 2010, who vigorously defended the relocation of the statue of Ramses II from Ramses Square to the Grand Egyptian Museum, declaring: “We are protecting it from pollution, and its place is not in the square.” What occurred in 2019 stands in direct contradiction to that principle: the Karnak rams were taken from their sacred precinct and placed in one of Egypt’s busiest squares, transformed from venerable religious and symbolic monuments into mere urban decorations amidst the congestion of the city.

This contradiction raises deeply troubling questions: is the true objective the protection and preservation of antiquities, as is publicly claimed, or is there instead a tendency to instrumentalize them as tools of political embellishment, disregarding their historical and spiritual value?

6. The Tahrir Square Obelisk (relocated from the archaeological site of Tanis in the Delta)

The obelisk currently stands at the center of the square, having been relocated at the initiative of the Egyptian candidate, who presented the idea within the framework of a national project to the political leadership, persuading them that it would serve as a civilizational addition reflecting the grandeur of the past and emulating the great squares of the world.

What was not disclosed by those overseeing the project is that the urban model upon which this plan was based is not a contemporary innovation, but rather a European design dating back to the fifteenth century, inspired by Roman traditions of placing obelisks at the heart of cities.

In other words, what took place was not an authentic Egyptian vision that respected the context of antiquities and their symbolic meaning, but rather the recycling of an old European concept, presented as though it were a revival of national identity.

Thus, the obelisk, after thousands of years of standing majestically in its original environment, has been repurposed as a decorative element within an urban beautification project. This raises deeply unsettling questions: is Egyptian heritage regarded as a civilizational symbol whose sanctity must be preserved, or as a decorative instrument used to lend an appearance of “antiquity” to urban projects that carry neither the spirit of place nor its history?

7. The Two Obelisks of the City of Arts in the New Administrative Capital (relocated from the archaeological site of Tanis in the Delta)

The series of relocations of Egyptian obelisks from their original contexts did not stop there. Still, they extended to the City of Arts in the New Administrative Capital, when the Egyptian candidate presented the proposal to General Mohamed Amin, head of the Tahya Misr Fund. He persuaded him that the two obelisks would constitute “an added value to the site,” particularly in light of the scheduled visit of French President Emmanuel Macron and his Egyptian counterpart in January 2019.

This decision did not arise from an archaeological vision or a strategic approach to heritage preservation; instead, it was motivated by political and ceremonial considerations. Thus, the two ancient obelisks were transferred from Tanis in the Delta to the entrance of the city, stripping them of their authenticity and symbolism. Designed originally as religious and spiritual symbols intended to connect earth and sky, they were reduced instead to decorative instruments summoned for political occasions and protocol displays, in stark rupture with their original philosophy.

8. The establishment of precedents that disregarded the fundamental principles of conservation, for example:

In a scene that provoked condemnation from specialists and heritage experts, the Egyptian candidate oversaw restoration works on the statues at the façade of Luxor Temple in a manner that experts described as a “scandal.” He ordered the restoration of the front statues using cement in a crude and disturbing way, resulting in a disfigured appearance that stands in total contradiction to international standards and that distorts the aesthetic integrity of the archaeological site.

The issue extends beyond visual taste: the city has been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List since 1979, which entails a strict obligation to respect the “outstanding universal value” that forms the basis for its inscription. Restorations of this kind not only violate the scientific principles of conservation but also jeopardize Luxor’s status on the World Heritage List as a whole. Nor was this incident isolated. The candidate proceeded with further non- compliant restoration projects at the temples of Western Thebes, where interventions were recorded that lacked scientific standards—reflecting a recurring pattern of irresponsible interference with Egyptian heritage, rather than its safeguarding for future generations.

The Egyptian candidate also issued administrative orders to the restorers of Saqqara—an area inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List—to intervene in the archaeological mission working at the excavations northwest of King Merenre’s pyramid in Saqqara, and to cut out five tombs from their original context. Indeed, the tombs were dismantled, with three transferred to the Grand Egyptian Museum, the National Museum of Egyptian Civilization, and the Imhotep Museum at Saqqara.

It is well known that this constitutes a violation of the laws governing the protection of antiquities, in particular Article 7 of the Venice Charter regulating conservation and restoration of historic sites and monuments—the principal reference for the UNESCO World Heritage Convention of 1974, to which Egypt is a signatory. This article explicitly prohibits the dismantling and relocation of immovable heritage such as tombs and temples.

Thus, grave questions arise: who holds accountable those responsible for such practices? And have Egypt’s ancient temples become experimental grounds for cheap building materials, rather than eternal witnesses to the genius of civilization?

9. The precedent of hosting weddings, parties, and loud festivals within ancient houses of worship (see attached photographs)

In a transgression that deeply pains anyone conscious of the value of history and the sanctity of sacred places, the Egyptian candidate oversaw the transformation of venerable sites of worship into venues for dancing and noisy festivities. Circulating images document distressing

scenes of weddings and parties being held inside Pharaonic temples—spaces where the ancient Egyptians once gathered for prayer and sacred rituals—now resounding with oriental dancing and the blare of loudspeakers.

Nor were Islamic monuments spared from such practices. In the heart of Historic Cairo, the candidate authorized the conversion of the Mosque of Mohamed Ali at the Citadel into what resembled a banquet hall, where marriage ceremonies were conducted, lavish buffets laid out, and even stoves connected to gas cylinders were installed within its precincts to heat food. Most disturbingly, the shrine within the mosque itself was used as a vestiaire for the bride and her companions to change clothes—an incident that epitomizes the level of disregard shown for the sanctity and the cultural and religious value of the site.

Such incidents cannot be dismissed as mere “mismanagement.” They constitute a dangerous precedent that flouts both international and national laws governing heritage protection, exposing how sacred sites have come to be treated as event halls, with no consideration for their historical or spiritual significance.

The question must therefore be asked: can someone who has permitted the transformation of places of prayer and sanctity into venues of amusement and luxury be entrusted with the heritage of the world? Has the candidate’s commercialized outlook on Egyptian heritage— seeking to exploit rather than safeguard it—become a model the world wishes to emulate?

Do the esteemed members responsible for selecting the Secretary-General of the Organization for Education, Science, and Culture truly accept a vision that reduces heritage to the whims of commercial interests and superficial displays? (see attached photograph)

We cannot fail here to recall the major celebration attended by the President of the Republic of Egypt in Luxor—ancient Thebes, the world’s most renowned heritage site, inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1979. On that occasion, the Nile’s banks were transformed into an “artificial” spectacle, complete with the construction of statues and large-scale replicas, the fabrication of dozens of boats, and a general treatment of the heritage area with neglect, failing to incorporate any genuine heritage value. The result was a scene both farcical and tragic: remnants of temporary buildings, boats, statues, and various decorative elements left behind. An absurd spectacle, reflective of an official indifferent to responsibility and concerned only with self-promotion.

10. Endorsing urban development machinery at the expense of heritage—public mockery and heritage massacres (see attached photographs)

The Egyptian candidate’s interference with national heritage was not confined to actions on the ground; it also extended to international fora. During sessions of the committees concerned with the World Heritage List—particularly with respect to Historic Cairo and the military leadership’s wish to adjust the boundaries of the area to permit developmental projects— several Egyptian generals appeared in open support of the candidate as he publicly attacked UNESCO representatives, in full view of the local press. Matters did not stop at mocking the Organization’s recommendations, but escalated to direct derision and accusations of backwardness and racism against the officials of the World Heritage Centre. These actions were not isolated; they were associated with identifiable figures whose roles have been documented in what is now referred to as “heritage massacres.” All of this took place under

the auspices and official authorization of the Minister of Antiquities, who provided the formal cover for their decisions.

A. Historic Cairo, specifically the Mamluk Cemetery—Al-Arafa al-Kubra (see attached photographs)

Over the course of months, an urban development plan—approved by the political leadership with the signature of the Egyptian candidate—was implemented in one of the rarest urban fabrics of Historic Cairo: the area of Al-Arafa al-Kubra, which encompassed a unique collection of Mamluk domes. According to testimonies from urban heritage experts, more than eighteen Mamluk domes listed on national protection registers were demolished, along with other structures and architectural styles protected under the Urban Harmony Law No. 117.

What occurred cannot be classified merely as “negligence” or “administrative shortcoming.” Instead, it points to a pattern of institutional complicity on the part of the candidate, whereby demolitions were carried out in broad daylight despite their contravention of local laws and international conventions, including the World Heritage Convention of 1972, to which Egypt is a State Party.

Field reports and testimonies from local residents reveal that heritage protection has been transformed into a political battleground, where the interests of large-scale projects are given precedence over the memory of the city, while mechanisms of accountability remain absent. The result, according to archaeological experts, amounts to what may be considered “the greatest heritage massacre of the modern era”—not only in terms of the scale of what has been lost, but also in the message it conveys: that heritage, with all its historical and human value, is no longer beyond the reach of the bulldozers of power.

B. The Saint Catherine's Monastery Area (Photos Attached)

Located in the heart of southern Sinai, Saint Catherine's Monastery has stood for over fifteen centuries as one of the oldest continuously operating Christian monasteries in the world and is a designated UNESCO World Heritage site. However, its profound spiritual and historical status has not shielded it from the vision of a former Egyptian minister, which has critically impacted the monastery and placed it at the center of a dispute with the Egyptian state.

A significant investment project, termed "The Great Transfiguration," was initially proposed by the aforementioned minister and subsequently presented to the political leadership as an ambitious plan to maximize the region's economic potential through the development of infrastructure and the promotion of religious tourism. Following this, there has been a notable increase in site visits to the monastery and its adjacent structures. The project's scope has progressively expanded to encompass the entire site, prioritizing investment interests. This vision has been met with considerable opposition from the Greek Orthodox Church, the custodian of the monastery. The Church contends that the project transcends mere urban development, viewing it as an attempt to curtail the monastery's historical land ownership and expropriate significant portions of its surrounding territories. This is perceived as a direct threat to its continuity as a vibrant religious center. (Photos Attached)

Furthermore, the historical existence of Saint Catherine's Monastery faces an existential challenge stemming from an ongoing legal dispute with the Egyptian government concerning the ownership of extensive tracts of surrounding land. The Church maintains that divesting the

monastery of its lands jeopardizes its viability as a living spiritual institution, potentially reducing it to a mere archaeological monument. This concern is amplified by large-scale urban projects such as "The Great Transfiguration," which is being implemented by the government. The approval for this project was championed by the former minister during his tenure, who also led the legal dispute file. The resulting legal outcome was presented to the political leadership as a "historic achievement" that legally defines the monastery's status. In stark contrast, the Greek Orthodox Church describes this development as a "spiritual catastrophe" and a "historic setback."

Conclusion

In concluding these remarks,

As we anticipate your selection of the individual who will bear the sacred trust of future generations and safeguard the memory of humanity, we wish to underscore that this position is not merely a ceremonial post or a vehicle for international prestige. Rather, it is a mission and a profound moral responsibility before history and all humankind. What your esteemed organization requires at this juncture is a leader of conviction who fundamentally believes that education is not a luxury, culture is not an indulgence, and human heritage is not a mere ornament to be invoked at convenience. It is, in fact, the very essence of our collective existence and the bridge toward a more just and peaceful world.

May your deliberations culminate in a decision commensurate with the aspirations of millions, and may you bear in mind that the selection of the ideal leader is not simply an administrative procedure, but a covenant with the conscience of humanity.

The choice before you today will either raise the banner of humanity high or leave it captive to narrow interests.